transition multipole moments

简明释义

跃迁多极矩

英英释义

例句

1.The calculation of transition multipole moments 跃迁多极矩 is crucial for understanding the spectral lines of atoms.

计算跃迁多极矩对于理解原子的光谱线至关重要。

2.In quantum mechanics, transition multipole moments 跃迁多极矩 help to describe the interaction between electromagnetic fields and matter.

在量子力学中，跃迁多极矩有助于描述电磁场与物质之间的相互作用。

3.Researchers often use transition multipole moments 跃迁多极矩 to predict the behavior of molecules during excitation.

研究人员通常使用跃迁多极矩来预测分子在激发过程中的行为。

4.The transition multipole moments 跃迁多极矩 can be calculated using perturbation theory in quantum chemistry.

可以使用量子化学中的微扰理论计算跃迁多极矩。

5.Understanding the transition multipole moments 跃迁多极矩 allows physicists to analyze radiation patterns emitted by excited states.

理解跃迁多极矩使物理学家能够分析激发态发射的辐射模式。

作文

In the field of quantum mechanics and electromagnetic theory, the concept of transition multipole moments plays a crucial role in understanding how systems transition between different energy states. These moments are essential for describing the interaction of electromagnetic radiation with matter, particularly in processes such as absorption and emission of light. The term itself refers to a mathematical representation of the distribution of charge or current in a system that changes as it transitions from one state to another. This can include electric dipole moments, magnetic dipole moments, and higher-order multipole moments, each providing insight into different aspects of the transition process.To grasp the significance of transition multipole moments, it is important to first understand the basic principles of multipole expansion. In classical physics, any distribution of charge can be described in terms of its multipole moments, which are categorized based on their order. The monopole moment represents the total charge, the dipole moment describes the separation of positive and negative charges, and higher-order moments (quadrupole, octupole, etc.) account for more complex distributions. When an atom or molecule undergoes a transition, such as moving from an excited state to a ground state, these multipole moments change, influencing how the system interacts with electromagnetic fields.The application of transition multipole moments is particularly evident in spectroscopy, where the absorption and emission of light by atoms and molecules are studied. For example, when an electron in an atom absorbs a photon, it may jump to a higher energy level. The probability of this transition occurring is determined by the transition multipole moments, which depend on the initial and final states of the system. A strong transition dipole moment indicates a high likelihood of absorption, while a weak moment suggests otherwise. Therefore, understanding these moments allows scientists to predict and explain the behavior of matter under various conditions.Moreover, transition multipole moments are not only limited to atomic systems but also extend to molecular and solid-state physics. In molecular systems, the vibrational and rotational transitions can also be analyzed using these moments. They provide insights into the symmetry properties of molecules and how these properties affect their interactions with external fields. In solid-state physics, transition multipole moments help in understanding phenomena such as magnetism and conductivity, where the collective behavior of electrons plays a significant role.In conclusion, the study of transition multipole moments is fundamental to many areas of physics and chemistry. It offers a framework for analyzing how systems transition between states and interact with electromagnetic radiation. As research continues to advance, the implications of these moments will likely expand, leading to new discoveries and applications in technology, materials science, and beyond. By deepening our understanding of transition multipole moments, we enhance our ability to manipulate and utilize the properties of matter at a fundamental level, paving the way for innovations in various scientific fields.

在量子力学和电磁理论领域，跃迁多极矩的概念在理解系统如何在不同能级之间过渡方面发挥着至关重要的作用。这些矩对于描述电磁辐射与物质之间的相互作用尤其重要，特别是在光的吸收和发射过程中。这个术语本身指的是一个数学表示，描述了一个系统在从一个状态过渡到另一个状态时电荷或电流的分布。这可以包括电偶极矩、磁偶极矩和更高阶的多极矩，每个矩都提供了关于过渡过程不同方面的见解。要理解跃迁多极矩的重要性，首先需要了解多极展开的基本原理。在经典物理中，任何电荷分布都可以用其多极矩来描述，这些矩根据其阶数进行分类。单极矩表示总电荷，偶极矩描述正负电荷的分离，而更高阶的矩（四极、八极等）则考虑更复杂的分布。当原子或分子经历过渡，例如从激发态转到基态时，这些多极矩会发生变化，从而影响系统与电磁场的相互作用。跃迁多极矩的应用在光谱学中尤为明显，在该领域中，研究原子和分子对光的吸收和发射。例如，当原子中的电子吸收一个光子时，它可能跃迁到更高的能级。发生这一过渡的概率由跃迁多极矩决定，这些矩依赖于系统的初始状态和最终状态。强的跃迁偶极矩表明高吸收概率，而弱的矩则暗示相反。因此，理解这些矩使科学家能够预测和解释物质在各种条件下的行为。此外，跃迁多极矩不仅限于原子系统，还扩展到分子和固态物理。在分子系统中，振动和旋转跃迁也可以使用这些矩进行分析。它们提供了关于分子对称性特性的见解，以及这些特性如何影响它们与外部场的相互作用。在固态物理中，跃迁多极矩有助于理解诸如磁性和导电性等现象，其中电子的集体行为起着重要作用。总之，研究跃迁多极矩是物理学和化学许多领域的基础。它为分析系统如何在状态之间过渡以及如何与电磁辐射相互作用提供了框架。随着研究的不断推进，这些矩的影响可能会扩大，导致技术、材料科学等领域的新发现和应用。通过加深对跃迁多极矩的理解，我们增强了操控和利用物质基本性质的能力，为各个科学领域的创新铺平了道路。