homoplasy

简明释义

英[həˈmɒpləsi]美[ˈhoʊmoʊˌplæsi]

n. 类似，相似；同形质

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.This has something to do with its single evolution strategy because too single evolution strategy makes the swarm homoplasy.

这与粒子群采用单一的进化策略有关，因为过于单一的进化策略使粒子群整体上有一种趋同性。

2.It is obvious in modern social cross-cultural communication facilitate language taboo homoplasy play a very big role.

可见在现代社会跨文化交际在促成语言禁忌的趋同性方面起了很大的作用。

3.This has something to do with its single evolution strategy because too single evolution strategy makes the swarm homoplasy.

这与粒子群采用单一的进化策略有关，因为过于单一的进化策略使粒子群整体上有一种趋同性。

4.In the study of bird evolution, researchers often encounter homoplasy when similar features appear in unrelated species.

在鸟类进化研究中，研究人员常常遇到同态性，当相似特征出现在无关物种中时。

5.The presence of homoplasy can complicate phylogenetic analyses, making it challenging to construct accurate evolutionary trees.

存在同态性可能会使系统发育分析变得复杂，从而使构建准确的进化树变得具有挑战性。

6.An example of homoplasy is the evolution of wings in bats and birds, which developed independently for flight.

一个同态性的例子是蝙蝠和鸟类的翅膀进化，它们是为了飞行而独立发展起来的。

7.Understanding homoplasy helps scientists differentiate between traits that are inherited from a common ancestor and those that evolved separately.

理解同态性帮助科学家区分从共同祖先遗传的特征和独立进化的特征。

8.The concept of homoplasy is crucial in understanding evolutionary relationships, as it refers to traits that arise independently in different lineages.

概念同态性在理解进化关系中至关重要，因为它指的是在不同谱系中独立产生的特征。

作文

In the study of evolutionary biology, the term homoplasy refers to a phenomenon where similar traits or features evolve independently in different species, rather than being inherited from a common ancestor. This concept is crucial for understanding the complexities of evolutionary relationships and the ways in which organisms adapt to their environments. For instance, the wings of bats and birds are often cited as classic examples of homoplasy. Although both groups have developed wings that allow them to fly, these structures evolved separately, showcasing how similar environmental pressures can lead to comparable adaptations in unrelated lineages.Understanding homoplasy is essential for researchers who seek to construct accurate phylogenetic trees, which depict the evolutionary relationships among various species. When traits arise through homoplasy, they can obscure the true lineage connections between organisms, making it challenging to determine how closely related different species are. This is particularly relevant in the field of molecular phylogenetics, where genetic data is used to infer relationships. If researchers do not account for homoplasy, they may mistakenly conclude that certain species are more closely related than they actually are, simply because they share similar characteristics.One of the most interesting aspects of homoplasy is its role in convergent evolution. Convergent evolution occurs when different species independently evolve similar traits as a result of adapting to similar environments or ecological niches. For example, the streamlined bodies of dolphins and sharks illustrate how homoplasy can arise from similar selective pressures in aquatic environments. Despite being vastly different organisms—mammals versus fish—they have both developed similar body shapes to enhance their swimming efficiency. This serves as a reminder that evolution is not a linear process but rather a complex web of interactions influenced by environmental factors.Moreover, homoplasy can also be observed in the plant kingdom. The evolution of succulent plants in arid environments is another striking example. Cacti in North America and euphorbias in Africa exhibit similar adaptations such as thickened stems and reduced leaves to minimize water loss, yet they belong to entirely different plant families. This illustrates how homoplasy can lead to analogous structures that serve similar functions, further complicating our understanding of plant evolution.In conclusion, the concept of homoplasy is vital for comprehending the intricate patterns of evolution. It highlights the importance of recognizing that similar traits can emerge independently across different species due to similar environmental challenges. By studying homoplasy, scientists can gain deeper insights into evolutionary processes and improve the accuracy of phylogenetic analyses. As we continue to explore the diversity of life on Earth, acknowledging the role of homoplasy will enable us to appreciate the remarkable adaptability of organisms and the dynamic nature of evolution itself.

在进化生物学的研究中，术语同态性指的是类似的特征或特征在不同物种中独立进化，而不是从共同祖先继承而来。这一概念对于理解进化关系的复杂性以及生物体如何适应其环境至关重要。例如，蝙蝠和鸟类的翅膀通常被视为同态性的经典例子。尽管这两组生物都发展出了能够飞行的翅膀，但这些结构是独立进化的，展示了相似的环境压力如何导致无关谱系中的可比适应。理解同态性对于寻求构建准确的系统发育树的研究人员至关重要，这些树描绘了各种物种之间的进化关系。当特征通过同态性出现时，它们可能会掩盖生物体之间真正的血缘联系，使确定不同物种之间的亲缘关系变得具有挑战性。这在分子系统发育学领域尤其相关，在该领域，研究人员使用遗传数据推断关系。如果研究人员不考虑同态性，他们可能会错误地得出某些物种比实际上更密切相关的结论，仅仅因为它们共享相似的特征。同态性的一个有趣方面是它在趋同进化中的作用。趋同进化发生在不同物种独立进化出相似特征的情况下，这是由于适应相似的环境或生态位。例如，海豚和鲨鱼的流线型身体展示了如何由于水生环境中的相似选择压力而产生同态性。尽管这两者是截然不同的生物——哺乳动物与鱼类——但它们都发展出了相似的体型以增强游泳效率。这提醒我们，进化并不是一个线性的过程，而是一个受环境因素影响的复杂网络。此外，植物王国中也可以观察到同态性。在干旱环境中，多肉植物的进化是另一个引人注目的例子。北美的仙人掌和非洲的大戟科植物展现了类似的适应，如厚茎和减少叶片，以最大限度地减少水分流失，尽管它们属于完全不同的植物科。这说明了同态性如何导致服务于相似功能的类同结构，进一步复杂化了我们对植物进化的理解。总之，同态性的概念对于理解进化的复杂模式至关重要。它突显了认识到相似特征可能因适应相似环境挑战而独立出现的重要性。通过研究同态性，科学家可以深入了解进化过程，并提高系统发育分析的准确性。随着我们继续探索地球上生命的多样性，承认同态性的作用将使我们能够欣赏生物体的非凡适应能力以及进化本身的动态特性。