histone

简明释义

英[ˈhɪstəʊn]美[ˈhɪstoʊn]

n. [生化] 组蛋白

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

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例句

1.The system of Epigenetics includes DNA methylation, RNA-interfering, genome imprinting and histone code and so on.

表遗传体系包括DNA甲基化、RNA干涉、基因组印迹和组蛋白密码等多方面。

2.When methyl groups are added to a histone, they modify its properties and alter the frequency at which a particular gene is expressed.

当甲基加到组蛋白后，这些基团会修饰它的性质并改变它上面特定基因的表达频率。

3.To reverse the memory loss, doctors inject a compound called a histone deacetylase inhibitor.

为了逆转记忆遗失，医生在复合物中添加了组蛋白脱乙酰基酶抑制物。

4.The level of his-tone acetylation is determined by the activities of histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases.

组蛋白乙酰转移酶和组蛋白去乙酰酶活性共同决定了组蛋白的乙酰化水平。

5.Histone H4 is one of five histone groups.

H 4组蛋白就是五个组蛋白团之一。

6.The beads are DNA segments wrapped around the histone.

这些珠子是包裹在组蛋白上的DNA片段。

7.The binding of transcription factors to histones is crucial for initiating transcription.

转录因子与组蛋白的结合对启动转录至关重要。

8.Mutations in histone genes can contribute to cancer development.

组蛋白基因的突变可能会促进癌症的发展。

9.Acetylation of histones can lead to increased gene expression.

组蛋白的乙酰化可以导致基因表达增加。

10.Researchers are studying the role of histones in gene regulation.

研究人员正在研究组蛋白在基因调控中的作用。

11.The structure of DNA is tightly wrapped around histones to form nucleosomes.

DNA的结构紧紧缠绕在组蛋白周围，形成核小体。

作文

Histones are fundamental proteins that play a crucial role in the organization and regulation of DNA within the cell nucleus. These small, positively charged proteins bind to negatively charged DNA, facilitating the formation of nucleosomes, which are the basic units of chromatin structure. The importance of histone (组蛋白) cannot be overstated, as they are essential for compacting DNA into a manageable form, allowing it to fit within the confines of the cell nucleus while still being accessible for transcription and replication processes.In eukaryotic cells, DNA is wrapped around histones (组蛋白) to form nucleosomes, resembling 'beads on a string' when viewed under a microscope. Each nucleosome consists of a core of eight histone (组蛋白) proteins, around which approximately 146 base pairs of DNA are wound. This organization not only protects the DNA from damage but also plays a significant role in gene regulation. The way DNA is packaged can influence whether certain genes are turned on or off, thereby affecting cellular function and identity.One of the fascinating aspects of histones (组蛋白) is their ability to undergo various post-translational modifications, such as methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation. These modifications can alter the interaction between histones (组蛋白) and DNA, leading to changes in chromatin structure and accessibility. For instance, acetylation of histones (组蛋白) typically correlates with gene activation, as it relaxes the DNA-histone interaction, making the DNA more accessible for transcription machinery. Conversely, methylation can lead to either activation or repression of gene expression, depending on the specific context and location of the modification.The study of histones (组蛋白) and their modifications is a key component of epigenetics, a field that examines how environmental factors can influence gene expression without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Understanding the role of histones (组蛋白) in epigenetic regulation has significant implications for fields such as cancer research, developmental biology, and aging. For example, aberrant histone (组蛋白) modifications have been implicated in various cancers, where the normal regulation of gene expression is disrupted, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and proliferation.In conclusion, histones (组蛋白) are indispensable proteins that not only serve structural functions in the packaging of DNA but also play dynamic roles in regulating gene expression through various modifications. Their study opens up avenues for understanding complex biological processes and has potential therapeutic implications in diseases where gene regulation is compromised. As research continues to unravel the intricacies of histones (组蛋白) and their functions, we gain deeper insights into the molecular mechanisms that govern life itself.

组蛋白是基本的蛋白质，在细胞核内DNA的组织和调控中发挥着至关重要的作用。这些小的、带正电荷的蛋白质与带负电荷的DNA结合，促进了核小体的形成，核小体是染色质结构的基本单位。histone（组蛋白）的重要性不容小觑，因为它们对于将DNA压缩成可管理的形式至关重要，使其能够适应细胞核的限制，同时在转录和复制过程中仍然可被访问。在真核细胞中，DNA缠绕在histones（组蛋白）周围形成核小体，在显微镜下呈现出“珠串”的形态。每个核小体由八个histone（组蛋白）蛋白质核心组成，大约146个碱基对的DNA缠绕其周围。这种组织不仅保护DNA免受损伤，还在基因调控中发挥着重要作用。DNA的包装方式可以影响某些基因的开启或关闭，从而影响细胞功能和身份。Histones（组蛋白）的一个迷人之处在于它们能够经历各种翻译后修饰，如甲基化、乙酰化和磷酸化。这些修饰可以改变histones（组蛋白）与DNA之间的相互作用，从而导致染色质结构和可及性的变化。例如，histones（组蛋白）的乙酰化通常与基因激活相关，因为它放松了DNA与组蛋白之间的相互作用，使得DNA对转录机制更加可及。相反，甲基化可能导致基因表达的激活或抑制，这取决于特定的上下文和修饰的位置。对histones（组蛋白）及其修饰的研究是表观遗传学的一个关键组成部分，表观遗传学研究环境因素如何影响基因表达而不改变基础DNA序列。理解histones（组蛋白）在表观遗传调控中的作用对癌症研究、发育生物学和衰老等领域具有重要意义。例如，异常的histone（组蛋白）修饰已被认为与各种癌症有关，在这些癌症中，基因表达的正常调控受到破坏，导致细胞的无控制生长和增殖。总之，histones（组蛋白）是不可或缺的蛋白质，不仅在DNA的包装中起到结构作用，而且通过各种修饰在调节基因表达中发挥动态作用。它们的研究为理解复杂的生物过程开辟了新的途径，并在基因调控受损的疾病中具有潜在的治疗意义。随着研究不断揭示histones（组蛋白）及其功能的复杂性，我们对支配生命本身的分子机制有了更深入的了解。