skinner

简明释义

英[ˈskɪnə(r)]美[ˈskɪnər]

n. 剥皮工人；皮革商；骗子

n. （Skinner）人名；（英）斯金纳；（瑞典）希纳

复 数 s k i n n e r s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.McDonald's growth had stalled when Skinner became the chief executive.

当斯金纳成为总裁时麦当劳就停止增长。

2.SKINNER: I got a boy here who needs emergency medical attention.

斯金纳：我这里有个男孩需要紧急急诊。

3.Michael Skinner would be the best man.

迈克尔·斯金纳将是最好的人。

4."We do not choose survival as a value; it chooses us" (B. F. Skinner).

“并不是我们把生存作为一种价值而选择了它；而是它选择了我们” （B·F·斯基纳）。

5.Skinner had many examples of this.

对于这种方法，斯金纳举了很多的例子。

6."We do not choose survival as a value; it chooses us" (B. F. Skinner).

“并不是我们把生存作为一种价值而选择了它；而是它选择了我们” （B·F·斯基纳）。

7.Skinner: no, not in the kitchen! Are you mad?

斯金纳：不，不要在厨房里！你疯了吗？

8.SKINNER: I told you last night, I will find him.

斯金纳：我昨晚告诉你了，我会找到他的。

9.Skinner made two key decisions.

斯金纳做出两个关键的决定。

10.Skinner is now with the Soufan Group, a security advisory business.

斯金纳现在在苏凡集团任职，这是一家安全咨询公司。

11.The skinner made a living by preparing animal hides for local craftsmen.

这位皮革工通过为当地工匠准备动物皮毛谋生。

12.She hired a skinner to help process the deer she hunted.

她雇了一位皮革工来帮助处理她猎到的鹿。

13.The skinner demonstrated his techniques at the local fair.

这位皮革工在当地集会上展示了他的技巧。

14.In the old days, a skinner was essential for the fur trade.

在过去，皮革工在毛皮贸易中是必不可少的。

15.He learned the art of being a skinner from his father.

他从父亲那里学会了成为一名皮革工的艺术。

作文

In the realm of psychology, the term skinner (斯金纳) is often associated with B.F. Skinner, an influential American psychologist known for his work in behaviorism. Skinner's theories have shaped our understanding of how behavior is learned and reinforced through interaction with the environment. He introduced the concept of operant conditioning, which emphasizes the role of reinforcement and punishment in shaping behavior. This approach has profound implications not only in psychology but also in education, animal training, and even parenting.B.F. Skinner believed that behaviors could be modified by their consequences. For instance, if a child receives praise (a positive reinforcement) for completing their homework, they are more likely to repeat that behavior in the future. Conversely, if a child is scolded (a form of punishment) for misbehavior, they may learn to avoid that action. This principle of reinforcement is fundamental in understanding how behaviors can be encouraged or discouraged over time.Skinner's experiments with rats and pigeons demonstrated these principles effectively. He designed what is now known as the Skinner box, a controlled environment where animals could be rewarded with food for performing certain actions, such as pressing a lever. This innovative method allowed Skinner to observe how quickly and consistently the animals learned to perform tasks based on the rewards they received. His findings highlighted the importance of immediate feedback in the learning process.The implications of Skinner's work extend beyond laboratory settings. In educational environments, teachers can utilize positive reinforcement to encourage students to engage in desired behaviors, such as participating in class discussions or completing assignments on time. By recognizing and rewarding positive actions, educators can create a more conducive learning atmosphere, fostering motivation and engagement among students.Moreover, Skinner's ideas have influenced the field of animal training. Trainers often use techniques based on operant conditioning to teach pets new tricks or correct undesirable behaviors. For example, a dog may be given treats (positive reinforcement) when it obeys commands, reinforcing the behavior and making it more likely to occur again.However, it's essential to recognize that Skinner's theories have faced criticism over the years. Some psychologists argue that his focus on observable behavior neglects the internal cognitive processes that also play a significant role in learning. While reinforcement is crucial, understanding the motivations and thought processes behind behavior is equally important. This perspective has led to the development of cognitive-behavioral approaches that integrate both behavioral and cognitive theories.In conclusion, the term skinner (斯金纳) represents not just a name, but a pivotal concept in psychology that has transformed our understanding of behavior. Through the lens of operant conditioning, we gain insight into how behaviors are learned, reinforced, and modified. Whether in classrooms, homes, or training facilities, the principles derived from Skinner's work continue to influence various aspects of our lives. As we apply these concepts, it is crucial to maintain a balanced view that considers both external behaviors and internal cognitive processes, ensuring a comprehensive understanding of human and animal behavior.

在心理学领域，术语skinner(斯金纳)通常与B.F. Skinner相关，他是一位美国心理学家，以其在行为主义方面的工作而闻名。斯金纳的理论塑造了我们对行为如何通过与环境的互动而学习和强化的理解。他引入了操作性条件反射的概念，强调了强化和惩罚在塑造行为中的作用。这种方法不仅对心理学产生了深远的影响，还对教育、动物训练甚至育儿产生了影响。B.F. Skinner认为，行为可以通过其后果进行修改。例如，如果孩子因完成作业而获得赞扬（积极强化），他们更可能在未来重复这一行为。相反，如果孩子因不当行为而受到责骂（惩罚的一种形式），他们可能会学会避免这种行为。这一强化原则在理解行为如何随时间变化而受到鼓励或抑制方面是基础。斯金纳对老鼠和鸽子的实验有效地展示了这些原则。他设计了现在被称为斯金纳箱的控制环境，在这个环境中，动物可以通过执行某些动作（例如按杠杆）获得食物奖励。这种创新的方法使斯金纳能够观察动物在基于所获得奖励的任务学习上的速度和一致性。他的发现突出了即时反馈在学习过程中的重要性。斯金纳工作的影响超越了实验室环境。在教育环境中，教师可以利用积极强化来鼓励学生参与期望的行为，例如参与课堂讨论或按时完成作业。通过识别和奖励积极行动，教育者可以创造一个更有利的学习氛围，促进学生的动机和参与感。此外，斯金纳的思想还影响了动物训练领域。训练师常常使用基于操作性条件反射的技术来教宠物新把戏或纠正不良行为。例如，当狗遵循命令时，可以给予它零食（积极强化），从而强化该行为，使其更可能再次发生。然而，必须认识到，斯金纳的理论多年来遭遇了批评。一些心理学家认为，他对可观察行为的关注忽视了内部认知过程在学习中也起着重要作用。虽然强化至关重要，但理解行为背后的动机和思维过程同样重要。这一观点促使了认知行为方法的发展，整合了行为和认知理论。总之，术语skinner(斯金纳)不仅代表一个名字，而且是心理学中一个关键概念，改变了我们对行为的理解。通过操作性条件反射的视角，我们获得了对行为如何被学习、强化和修改的洞察。不论是在课堂、家庭还是训练设施中，从斯金纳的工作中得出的原则仍然继续影响着我们生活的各个方面。在应用这些概念时，保持对外部行为和内部认知过程的平衡视角至关重要，以确保全面理解人类和动物行为。