ribosome

简明释义

英[ˈraɪbəˌsəʊm]美[ˈraɪbəsoʊm]

n. [细胞][生化] 核糖体；[生化] 核蛋白体

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Because of its makeup, each ribosome resembles a tangle of threads or a handful of rubber bands tossed together.

由于其构成，每个核糖体类似于一个线程缠结或一把橡皮筋捆在一起。

2.The preparation and detection methods of isolating and purifying a ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP) from the seeds of arborvitae were presented.

提出了从裸子植物侧柏中分离纯化核糖体失活蛋白的制备和检测方法。

3.The Academy said the three were chosen for having shown what a ribosome looks like and how it operates at the atomic level.

研究院说，这三位人员被选中，是因为他们在原子的状态下展示了核糖体的形状，以及核糖体的运作情形。

4.He has managed to synthesise all the RNA components in such a way that, when they are mixed with natural ribosome proteins, they form working ribosomes.

他成功合成了全部RNA成分，使得当他们与天然核糖体蛋白质混合时，他们组成活的核糖体。

5.A single mutation, a different sequence in the DNA, causes the ribosome to use a different amino acid when it builds the lysozyme molecule.

单一突变，dna序列发生变化，会造成核糖体在构建溶解酵素分子时使用不同的氨基酸。

6.The professor says ribosome is central to the survival of any organism.

这位教授说，核糖体是至关重要的，任何生物的生存。

7.Antibiotics can target the bacterial ribosome 核糖体 to inhibit protein production.

抗生素可以靶向细菌的核糖体 ribosome 来抑制蛋白质生产。

8.During translation, the ribosome 核糖体 reads the mRNA sequence.

在翻译过程中，核糖体 ribosome 读取mRNA序列。

9.The ribosome 核糖体 consists of rRNA and proteins.

核糖体 ribosome 由rRNA和蛋白质组成。

10.Eukaryotic cells contain larger ribosomes 核糖体 compared to prokaryotic cells.

真核细胞的核糖体 ribosome 比原核细胞的要大。

11.The ribosome 核糖体 is essential for protein synthesis in all living cells.

在所有活细胞中，核糖体 ribosome 对蛋白质合成至关重要。

作文

The cell is often referred to as the basic unit of life, and within each cell, there are numerous structures that perform specific functions. One of the most crucial of these structures is the ribosome, which plays a vital role in the process of protein synthesis. The ribosome can be thought of as a molecular machine that translates the genetic information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins, which are essential for the structure and function of all living organisms.In eukaryotic cells, ribosomes are found both free-floating in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum, forming what is known as the rough endoplasmic reticulum. This distribution allows for the efficient synthesis of proteins that are either secreted from the cell or incorporated into cellular membranes. Prokaryotic cells, on the other hand, have ribosomes that float freely in the cytoplasm since they lack membrane-bound organelles.The composition of a ribosome includes ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins, which together form two subunits: the large subunit and the small subunit. During the initiation of translation, the small subunit binds to the mRNA molecule, scanning for the start codon. Once the start codon is recognized, the large subunit attaches to form a complete ribosome. This assembly is crucial for the correct translation of the genetic code into a functional protein.As the ribosome moves along the mRNA strand, it facilitates the binding of transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules, which carry specific amino acids. Each tRNA has an anticodon that pairs with the corresponding codon on the mRNA, ensuring that the correct amino acid is added to the growing polypeptide chain. This process continues until a stop codon is reached, at which point the newly synthesized protein is released, and the ribosome disassembles.The importance of ribosomes cannot be overstated; they are essential for the production of proteins that perform a multitude of functions within the cell. From enzymes that catalyze biochemical reactions to structural proteins that provide support and shape to cells, the roles of proteins are incredibly diverse. Furthermore, understanding how ribosomes work has significant implications in medicine, biotechnology, and genetics. For instance, many antibiotics target bacterial ribosomes to inhibit protein synthesis, effectively stopping the growth of bacteria without harming human cells.In conclusion, the ribosome is an indispensable component of cellular machinery, responsible for translating genetic information into functional proteins. Its intricate structure and dynamic function highlight the complexity of biological systems. As we continue to explore the world of molecular biology, the ribosome remains a key focus of research, revealing insights into the fundamental processes that sustain life itself. Understanding the ribosome not only enhances our knowledge of cellular functions but also paves the way for advancements in medical treatments and biotechnological innovations.

细胞通常被称为生命的基本单位，在每个细胞内，有许多结构执行特定功能。其中最关键的结构之一是核糖体，它在蛋白质合成过程中发挥着至关重要的作用。核糖体可以被视为一种分子机器，它将信使RNA（mRNA）中编码的遗传信息翻译成蛋白质，而蛋白质对于所有生物体的结构和功能都是必不可少的。在真核细胞中，核糖体既可以自由漂浮在细胞质中，也可以附着在内质网的表面，形成所谓的粗糙内质网。这种分布使得能够高效合成被分泌出细胞或被整合到细胞膜中的蛋白质。而原核细胞则没有膜结合的细胞器，其核糖体则自由漂浮在细胞质中。核糖体的组成包括核糖体RNA（rRNA）和蛋白质，这两者共同形成两个亚单位：大亚单位和小亚单位。在翻译的起始阶段，小亚单位与mRNA分子结合，扫描起始密码子。一旦识别出起始密码子，大亚单位就会附着以形成完整的核糖体。这一组装对于将遗传密码正确翻译成功能性蛋白质至关重要。当核糖体沿着mRNA链移动时，它促进了转运RNA（tRNA）分子的结合，tRNA携带特定的氨基酸。每个tRNA都有一个反密码子，与mRNA上的相应密码子配对，确保正确的氨基酸被添加到正在增长的多肽链中。这个过程持续进行，直到达到终止密码子，此时新合成的蛋白质被释放，而核糖体则解聚。核糖体的重要性不容低估；它们对细胞内多种功能的蛋白质生产至关重要。从催化生化反应的酶到提供支持和形状的结构蛋白，蛋白质的作用极其多样。此外，理解核糖体的工作原理在医学、生物技术和遗传学中具有重要意义。例如，许多抗生素针对细菌的核糖体以抑制蛋白质合成，从而有效地阻止细菌生长，而不会损害人类细胞。总之，核糖体是细胞机械中不可或缺的组成部分，负责将遗传信息翻译成功能性蛋白质。其复杂的结构和动态功能突显了生物系统的复杂性。随着我们继续探索分子生物学的世界，核糖体仍然是研究的重点，揭示了维持生命本身的基本过程的深入见解。理解核糖体不仅增强了我们对细胞功能的认识，还为医疗治疗和生物技术创新的进步铺平了道路。