aliphatic group

简明释义

1. 脂肪基; 2. 脂族基;

英英释义

例句

1.The presence of an aliphatic group (脂肪基团) in the molecular structure can affect the solubility of the compound.

分子结构中存在一个脂肪基团（aliphatic group）可以影响化合物的溶解性。

2.In the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, introducing an aliphatic group (脂肪基团) can enhance biological activity.

在药物合成中，引入一个脂肪基团（aliphatic group）可以增强生物活性。

3.The aliphatic group (脂肪基团) contributes to the hydrophobic nature of the molecule.

该脂肪基团（aliphatic group）使分子具有疏水性。

4.Chemists often study aliphatic groups (脂肪基团) to understand their reactivity in organic reactions.

化学家们常常研究脂肪基团（aliphatic groups）以了解它们在有机反应中的反应性。

5.When analyzing fatty acids, scientists look for specific aliphatic groups (脂肪基团) that determine their properties.

在分析脂肪酸时，科学家寻找特定的脂肪基团（aliphatic groups），以确定它们的性质。

作文

In the field of organic chemistry, understanding the structure and properties of various functional groups is essential. One of these important groups is the aliphatic group, which plays a significant role in the behavior of organic compounds. The term "aliphatic group" refers to a category of hydrocarbons that are characterized by straight or branched chains of carbon atoms, as opposed to aromatic compounds, which contain one or more cyclic structures. Aliphatic compounds can be further classified into three categories: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, based on the types of bonds between the carbon atoms. Alkanes are saturated hydrocarbons, meaning they contain only single bonds between carbon atoms. This saturation results in a relatively stable structure, making alkanes less reactive compared to their unsaturated counterparts. For example, methane (CH4) is the simplest alkane, consisting of one carbon atom bonded to four hydrogen atoms. The presence of the aliphatic group in alkanes contributes to their non-polar nature, which affects their solubility in water and their behavior in chemical reactions.On the other hand, alkenes and alkynes are unsaturated hydrocarbons that contain double and triple bonds, respectively. These multiple bonds introduce a level of reactivity that alkanes lack. For instance, ethylene (C2H4), an alkene, has a double bond between its two carbon atoms, allowing it to participate in various addition reactions. The aliphatic group in these compounds not only influences their chemical properties but also their physical characteristics, such as boiling and melting points.The significance of aliphatic groups extends beyond simple hydrocarbons. Many natural products, including fatty acids and terpenes, contain aliphatic groups. Fatty acids, for example, are carboxylic acids with long aliphatic chains, which play a crucial role in biological systems as components of lipids. These aliphatic groups contribute to the hydrophobic nature of fats and oils, affecting their interactions with water and other substances.In addition to their presence in biological molecules, aliphatic groups are also prevalent in synthetic organic chemistry. They serve as building blocks for the synthesis of various compounds, including polymers, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals. The versatility of aliphatic groups allows chemists to manipulate their structures to create materials with specific properties and functions.Moreover, the study of aliphatic groups is vital in understanding reaction mechanisms. For example, the reactivity of alkenes and alkynes can be explained through the concept of electrophilic addition, where reagents attack the electron-rich double or triple bonds. This knowledge is crucial for designing efficient synthetic pathways in organic chemistry.In conclusion, the aliphatic group is a fundamental concept in organic chemistry that encompasses a wide range of compounds with varying properties and applications. From their role in natural products to their importance in synthetic chemistry, understanding aliphatic groups is essential for anyone studying or working in the field of chemistry. By exploring the characteristics and reactivity of these groups, we can gain deeper insights into the molecular world and harness their potential for innovative applications.

在有机化学领域，理解各种官能团的结构和性质至关重要。其中一个重要的官能团是脂肪族基，它在有机化合物的行为中起着重要作用。术语“脂肪族基”指的是一类烃，其特征是直链或支链的碳原子，而不是含有一个或多个环状结构的芳香化合物。脂肪族化合物可以根据碳原子之间的键类型进一步分为三类：烷烃、烯烃和炔烃。烷烃是饱和烃，意味着它们只包含碳原子之间的单键。这种饱和性导致了相对稳定的结构，使烷烃比其不饱和的同类反应性更低。例如，甲烷（CH4）是最简单的烷烃，由一个碳原子与四个氢原子结合而成。烷烃中的脂肪族基的存在使其具有非极性特性，这影响了它们在水中的溶解度以及在化学反应中的行为。另一方面，烯烃和炔烃是含有双键和三键的不饱和烃。这些多重键引入了一定的反应性，这是烷烃所缺乏的。例如，乙烯（C2H4）是一种烯烃，其两个碳原子之间有一个双键，使其能够参与各种加成反应。脂肪族基在这些化合物中的存在不仅影响其化学性质，还影响其物理特性，如沸点和熔点。脂肪族基的重要性超越了简单的烃。许多天然产物，包括脂肪酸和萜烯，含有脂肪族基。例如，脂肪酸是具有长脂肪族链的羧酸，在生物系统中作为脂质的组成部分发挥着重要作用。这些脂肪族基促进了脂肪和油的疏水性，影响其与水和其他物质的相互作用。除了在生物分子中的存在，脂肪族基在合成有机化学中也很常见。它们作为合成各种化合物的构建块，包括聚合物、药物和农用化学品。脂肪族基的多功能性使化学家能够操纵其结构，以创造具有特定性质和功能的材料。此外，研究脂肪族基对于理解反应机制至关重要。例如，烯烃和炔烃的反应性可以通过电亲核加成的概念来解释，其中试剂攻击富含电子的双键或三键。这一知识对于设计高效的合成路径在有机化学中至关重要。总之，脂肪族基是有机化学中的基本概念，涵盖了具有不同性质和应用范围的广泛化合物。从它们在天然产物中的作用到在合成化学中的重要性，理解脂肪族基对于任何学习或从事化学领域的人来说都是必不可少的。通过探索这些基团的特征和反应性，我们可以更深入地了解分子世界，并利用它们的潜力进行创新应用。