aggregate demand

简明释义

总需求量;

英英释义

例句

1.An increase in consumer confidence can lead to higher aggregate demand.

消费者信心的提高可以导致更高的总需求。

2.Inflation can occur when aggregate demand exceeds supply.

当总需求超过供应时，可能会发生通货膨胀。

3.Central banks monitor aggregate demand to adjust monetary policy.

中央银行监测总需求以调整货币政策。

4.The government decided to increase public spending to boost aggregate demand.

政府决定增加公共支出以刺激总需求。

5.During a recession, aggregate demand tends to fall significantly.

在经济衰退期间，总需求往往会显著下降。

作文

In the realm of economics, understanding the concept of aggregate demand is crucial for analyzing the overall health of an economy. Aggregate demand refers to the total quantity of goods and services demanded across all levels of the economy at a given overall price level and in a given time period. It encompasses the sum of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports (exports minus imports). This comprehensive view allows economists and policymakers to gauge economic performance and make informed decisions. To illustrate the importance of aggregate demand, consider a scenario where consumer confidence is high. When consumers feel secure about their financial future, they are more likely to spend money. This increase in consumption contributes positively to aggregate demand, leading to higher production levels as businesses respond to the increased demand for their products and services. As production ramps up, companies may need to hire more workers, which reduces unemployment and further boosts consumer spending. This creates a virtuous cycle that can lead to economic growth.Conversely, when aggregate demand falls, it can lead to economic stagnation or recession. For example, during times of economic uncertainty, consumers may cut back on spending, which directly impacts aggregate demand. Businesses may respond by reducing production, laying off workers, and cutting back on investments. This downward spiral can have severe consequences for the economy, leading to increased unemployment and lower overall economic output.Central banks and governments often monitor aggregate demand closely, as it plays a significant role in shaping monetary and fiscal policy. For instance, if aggregate demand is weak, a central bank might lower interest rates to encourage borrowing and spending. Similarly, a government might implement stimulus measures, such as tax cuts or increased public spending, to boost aggregate demand and stimulate economic activity.In addition, aggregate demand is influenced by various factors, including consumer expectations, interest rates, and government policies. For example, if consumers expect prices to rise in the future, they may choose to spend more now to avoid paying higher prices later, thus increasing aggregate demand. On the other hand, rising interest rates can discourage borrowing and spending, leading to a decrease in aggregate demand.Understanding aggregate demand also involves recognizing its components: consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. Consumption typically makes up the largest portion of aggregate demand, driven by household spending on goods and services. Investment includes business expenditures on capital goods, which are essential for future production. Government spending encompasses public sector investment and consumption, while net exports reflect the balance between what a country sells to others and what it buys from them.In conclusion, aggregate demand is a fundamental concept in economics that reflects the total demand for goods and services in an economy. Its fluctuations can significantly impact economic growth, employment, and overall financial stability. By understanding the dynamics of aggregate demand, individuals and policymakers can better navigate the complexities of the economic landscape and make informed decisions that promote sustainable growth and prosperity.

在经济学领域，理解总需求的概念对于分析经济整体健康至关重要。总需求指的是在给定的整体价格水平和特定时间段内，经济中所有层面对商品和服务的总需求量。它涵盖了消费、投资、政府支出和净出口（出口减去进口）的总和。这种全面的视角使经济学家和决策者能够评估经济表现并做出明智的决策。为了说明总需求的重要性，可以考虑一个消费者信心高涨的场景。当消费者对自己的财务未来感到安全时，他们更有可能花钱。这种消费的增加积极地贡献于总需求，导致企业在响应产品和服务需求增加时提高生产水平。随着生产的增加，公司可能需要雇用更多工人，从而降低失业率，并进一步促进消费支出。这创造了一个良性循环，可能导致经济增长。相反，当总需求下降时，可能导致经济停滞或衰退。例如，在经济不确定时期，消费者可能会减少支出，这直接影响总需求。企业可能会通过减少生产、裁员和削减投资来应对。这一向下的螺旋对经济可能产生严重后果，导致失业增加和整体经济产出下降。中央银行和政府通常密切监测总需求，因为它在塑造货币和财政政策方面发挥着重要作用。例如，如果总需求疲软，中央银行可能会降低利率以鼓励借贷和消费。同样，政府可能会实施刺激措施，如减税或增加公共支出，以提升总需求并刺激经济活动。此外，总需求受到多种因素的影响，包括消费者预期、利率和政府政策。例如，如果消费者预期未来价格会上涨，他们可能选择现在多花钱以避免将来支付更高的价格，从而增加总需求。另一方面，利率上升可能会抑制借贷和消费，导致总需求下降。理解总需求还涉及认识其组成部分：消费、投资、政府支出和净出口。消费通常占总需求的最大部分，受家庭对商品和服务支出的驱动。投资包括企业对资本货物的支出，这对未来生产至关重要。政府支出涵盖公共部门的投资和消费，而净出口则反映一个国家出售给其他国家的商品与从其他国家购买商品的差额。总之，总需求是经济学中的一个基本概念，反映了经济中对商品和服务的总需求。其波动会显著影响经济增长、就业和整体金融稳定。通过理解总需求的动态，个人和政策制定者可以更好地驾驭经济环境的复杂性，并做出促进可持续增长和繁荣的明智决策。