addition reaction

简明释义

加成反应;

英英释义

例句

1.During the synthesis of alcohols, an addition reaction 加成反应 occurs when water adds to an alkene.

在醇的合成过程中，当水添加到烯烃时，会发生加成反应 addition reaction。

2.An addition reaction 加成反应 can also occur with halogens, such as bromine adding to alkenes.

与卤素发生的加成反应 addition reaction也很常见，例如溴添加到烯烃中。

3.In organic chemistry, an addition reaction 加成反应 occurs when two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule.

在有机化学中，加成反应 addition reaction 是指两个或多个分子结合形成一个更大分子的过程。

4.The hydrogenation of alkenes is a common example of an addition reaction 加成反应 where hydrogen is added across a double bond.

烯烃的氢化是一个常见的加成反应 addition reaction，其中氢被添加到双键上。

5.In polymer chemistry, the formation of polyethylene from ethylene involves an addition reaction 加成反应 that links many monomers together.

在聚合物化学中，乙烯转化为聚乙烯的过程涉及一种加成反应 addition reaction，将许多单体连接在一起。

作文

In the world of chemistry, reactions are fundamental processes that involve the transformation of substances. One such important type of reaction is known as an addition reaction, or in Chinese, it is referred to as 加成反应. This type of reaction occurs when two or more reactants combine to form a single product. The significance of addition reactions in organic chemistry cannot be overstated, as they play a crucial role in the formation of complex molecules from simpler ones.To understand addition reactions, it is essential to consider the basic principles of chemical bonding. When reactants undergo an addition reaction, they typically involve unsaturated compounds, which contain double or triple bonds. These unsaturated bonds are reactive sites where new atoms or groups can be added. For example, when ethene (C2H4), which has a double bond between its carbon atoms, reacts with hydrogen (H2), the double bond is broken, and hydrogen atoms are added to the carbon atoms, resulting in the formation of ethane (C2H6). This process illustrates how addition reactions lead to the saturation of previously unsaturated compounds.Addition reactions can be classified into several categories based on the nature of the reactants and the mechanisms involved. One common type is the electrophilic addition reaction, where an electrophile reacts with a nucleophile. In this scenario, the electrophile is attracted to the electron-rich double bond of the unsaturated compound, leading to the formation of a more stable product. A classic example of this is the reaction between bromine (Br2) and alkene, which results in the formation of vicinal dibromides.Another significant category of addition reactions is the nucleophilic addition reaction, which often occurs with carbonyl compounds. In this case, a nucleophile attacks the electrophilic carbon atom of the carbonyl group, leading to the formation of an alcohol or other functional groups. This type of reaction is vital in the synthesis of various organic compounds, including sugars and amino acids.The importance of addition reactions extends beyond academic chemistry; they are also pivotal in industrial applications. For instance, the production of polymers often involves addition reactions. In the polymerization process, monomers with unsaturated bonds undergo addition reactions to form long-chain polymers, which are used in countless products, from plastics to rubber. Additionally, many pharmaceuticals are synthesized through addition reactions, allowing for the creation of complex molecules that can interact with biological systems in beneficial ways.In conclusion, the concept of addition reactions is a cornerstone of organic chemistry, facilitating the transformation of simple reactants into complex products. Understanding these reactions not only enhances our comprehension of chemical processes but also opens up avenues for innovation in various fields, including materials science and medicinal chemistry. As we continue to explore the intricacies of chemical reactions, the role of addition reactions will undoubtedly remain a focal point in the quest for new knowledge and applications in chemistry.

在化学的世界中，反应是涉及物质转化的基本过程。其中一种重要的反应类型被称为加成反应。这种反应发生在两个或多个反应物结合形成单一产物时。加成反应在有机化学中的重要性不容小觑，因为它们在将简单分子转化为复杂分子中发挥着关键作用。要理解加成反应，必须考虑化学键的基本原理。当反应物经历加成反应时，通常涉及不饱和化合物，这些化合物含有双键或三键。这些不饱和键是新的原子或基团可以添加的反应位点。例如，当乙烯（C2H4）与氢气（H2）反应时，两个碳原子之间的双键被打破，氢原子被添加到碳原子上，从而形成乙烷（C2H6）。这个过程说明了如何通过加成反应使之前的不饱和化合物饱和。加成反应可以根据反应物的性质和涉及的机制进行几种分类。一种常见类型是电亲核加成反应，其中电亲核体与亲核体反应。在这种情况下，电亲核体被吸引到不饱和化合物的富电子双键上，从而形成更稳定的产物。一个经典的例子是溴（Br2）与烯烃的反应，导致生成邻位二溴化物。加成反应的另一个重要类别是亲核加成反应，通常发生在羰基化合物中。在这种情况下，亲核体攻击羰基中电亲核碳原子，导致醇或其他官能团的形成。这种类型的反应在合成各种有机化合物（包括糖和氨基酸）中至关重要。加成反应的重要性不仅限于学术化学；它们在工业应用中也至关重要。例如，聚合物的生产通常涉及加成反应。在聚合过程中，具有不饱和键的单体经历加成反应形成长链聚合物，这些聚合物用于无数产品，从塑料到橡胶。此外，许多药物是通过加成反应合成的，使得能够创造出可以与生物系统以有益方式相互作用的复杂分子。总之，加成反应的概念是有机化学的基石，促进了简单反应物向复杂产物的转化。理解这些反应不仅增强了我们对化学过程的理解，还为材料科学和药物化学等各个领域的创新开辟了道路。随着我们继续探索化学反应的复杂性，加成反应的角色无疑将继续成为化学知识和应用探索的焦点。