chromosome dyad

简明释义

二分染色体

英英释义

例句

1.Errors in the separation of the chromosome dyad (染色体二聚体) can lead to genetic disorders.

在chromosome dyad (染色体二聚体) 分离中的错误可能会导致遗传疾病。

2.During the cell division process, each chromosome dyad (染色体二聚体) is crucial for ensuring that genetic material is evenly distributed to the daughter cells.

在细胞分裂过程中，每个chromosome dyad (染色体二聚体) 对于确保遗传物质均匀分配到子细胞中至关重要。

3.In meiosis, the pairing of homologous chromosomes forms a chromosome dyad (染色体二聚体) that is essential for genetic recombination.

在减数分裂中，同源染色体的配对形成了一个chromosome dyad (染色体二聚体)，这对于遗传重组至关重要。

4.The chromosome dyad (染色体二聚体) can be visualized under a microscope during cell replication.

在细胞复制过程中，chromosome dyad (染色体二聚体) 可以在显微镜下可视化。

5.Researchers observed that the formation of a chromosome dyad (染色体二聚体) is a key step in the metaphase of mitosis.

研究人员观察到，chromosome dyad (染色体二聚体) 的形成是有丝分裂中期的一个关键步骤。

作文

In the realm of genetics, the term chromosome dyad refers to a structure formed during cell division, specifically in the phases of mitosis and meiosis. A chromosome dyad consists of two sister chromatids that are joined together at a region known as the centromere. This structure is crucial for ensuring the accurate distribution of genetic material to the daughter cells. Understanding the concept of chromosome dyad is essential for anyone studying biology, as it lays the foundation for comprehending how traits are inherited and how genetic variation occurs.During the process of cell division, the chromosomes undergo a series of changes that lead to the formation of chromosome dyads. Initially, the DNA within the nucleus is replicated, resulting in two identical copies of each chromosome. These copies, or sister chromatids, remain attached at the centromere, forming the chromosome dyad. This attachment is vital because it ensures that when the cell divides, each new cell receives an equal set of chromosomes.The significance of the chromosome dyad becomes particularly evident during meiosis, which is the type of cell division that produces gametes—sperm and egg cells. In meiosis, the chromosome dyad plays a key role in genetic recombination, a process that increases genetic diversity. During the first meiotic division, homologous chromosomes pair up and can exchange segments of DNA in a process called crossing over. This exchange occurs between the sister chromatids of the chromosome dyad, leading to new combinations of alleles that are passed on to the next generation.Additionally, the proper alignment and separation of chromosome dyads during cell division are critical for maintaining the correct number of chromosomes in each daughter cell. Errors in this process can lead to conditions such as aneuploidy, where cells have an abnormal number of chromosomes, which can result in genetic disorders such as Down syndrome.In conclusion, the chromosome dyad is a fundamental concept in genetics that represents the connection between sister chromatids during cell division. Its role in ensuring accurate chromosome segregation and facilitating genetic diversity through recombination highlights its importance in both mitosis and meiosis. For students and researchers in the field of biology, grasping the intricacies of the chromosome dyad is vital for understanding the mechanisms of heredity and the variations that arise within populations. As we continue to explore the complexities of genetics, the chromosome dyad will remain a key focus in our efforts to unravel the mysteries of life at the molecular level.

在遗传学领域，术语染色体二聚体指的是在细胞分裂过程中形成的结构，特别是在有丝分裂和减数分裂的阶段。染色体二聚体由两个姐妹染色单体组成，这些染色单体通过称为着丝粒的区域相连。这个结构对于确保遗传物质准确分配到子细胞中至关重要。理解染色体二聚体的概念是任何学习生物学的人都必须掌握的，因为它为理解性状如何遗传以及遗传变异如何发生奠定了基础。在细胞分裂的过程中，染色体经历一系列变化，导致染色体二聚体的形成。最初，细胞核内的DNA被复制，导致每条染色体产生两个相同的拷贝。这些拷贝或姐妹染色单体保持在着丝粒处相连，形成染色体二聚体。这种连接至关重要，因为它确保当细胞分裂时，每个新细胞接收到相等数量的染色体。染色体二聚体的重要性在减数分裂过程中尤为明显，减数分裂是产生配子的细胞分裂类型——精子和卵细胞。在减数分裂中，染色体二聚体在遗传重组中发挥关键作用，这一过程增加了遗传多样性。在第一次减数分裂中，同源染色体配对并可以交换DNA片段，这一过程称为交叉。这种交换发生在染色体二聚体的姐妹染色单体之间，导致新的等位基因组合被传递到下一代。此外，在细胞分裂过程中，染色体二聚体的正确排列和分离对于维持每个子细胞中染色体的正确数量至关重要。这个过程中的错误可能导致如非整倍体等情况，即细胞具有异常数量的染色体，这可能导致唐氏综合症等遗传疾病。总之，染色体二聚体是遗传学中的一个基本概念，代表了细胞分裂过程中姐妹染色单体之间的连接。它在确保染色体准确分离和通过重组促进遗传多样性方面的作用突显了它在有丝分裂和减数分裂中的重要性。对于生物学领域的学生和研究人员来说，掌握染色体二聚体的复杂性对于理解遗传机制和种群中出现的变异至关重要。随着我们继续探索遗传学的复杂性，染色体二聚体将始终是我们努力揭开分子层面生命奥秘的关键焦点。