cholera toxin

简明释义

霍乱毒素

英英释义

例句

1.Scientists are studying how cholera toxin (霍乱毒素) interacts with the intestinal lining.

科学家们正在研究霍乱毒素如何与肠道内膜相互作用。

2.Exposure to cholera toxin (霍乱毒素) can lead to severe dehydration and diarrhea.

暴露于霍乱毒素可能导致严重脱水和腹泻。

3.In the laboratory, we use cholera toxin (霍乱毒素) to understand its effects on cell signaling pathways.

在实验室中，我们使用霍乱毒素来理解其对细胞信号通路的影响。

4.The research focused on the mechanism of action of cholera toxin (霍乱毒素) in human cells.

这项研究集中于霍乱毒素在人体细胞中的作用机制。

5.Vaccines against cholera toxin (霍乱毒素) are essential for preventing outbreaks in vulnerable populations.

霍乱毒素的疫苗对于防止脆弱人群中的疫情爆发至关重要。

作文

Cholera is a severe diarrheal disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. One of the most dangerous aspects of cholera is its ability to produce a potent protein known as cholera toxin. This toxin is responsible for the rapid loss of fluids and electrolytes in infected individuals, leading to severe dehydration and, if untreated, can result in death within hours. Understanding the mechanism of cholera toxin is crucial for developing effective treatments and preventive measures against cholera outbreaks.The cholera toxin is composed of two main subunits: A and B. The B subunit binds to the surface of intestinal cells, facilitating the entry of the A subunit into the cell. Once inside, the A subunit activates an enzyme called adenylate cyclase, which increases the production of cyclic AMP (cAMP). Elevated levels of cAMP disrupt the normal ion transport processes in the intestinal lining, leading to excessive secretion of chloride ions and water into the intestinal lumen. This results in the watery diarrhea that characterizes cholera.The impact of cholera toxin extends beyond the immediate symptoms of the disease. The massive fluid loss can lead to electrolyte imbalances, kidney failure, and shock. In regions where cholera is endemic, such as parts of Africa and Asia, the presence of cholera toxin poses a significant public health threat. Efforts to control cholera outbreaks often focus on improving water and sanitation infrastructure, as well as providing access to oral rehydration solutions and vaccines.Research into cholera toxin has also provided insights into the broader field of microbiology and immunology. Scientists have explored how the toxin can be used as a tool for vaccine development. For instance, attenuated strains of Vibrio cholerae that produce a non-toxic variant of cholera toxin have been used in vaccines to stimulate an immune response without causing disease. This approach highlights the dual nature of cholera toxin: while it is a harmful pathogen, it can also be harnessed for beneficial purposes in medical science.In conclusion, the study of cholera toxin is vital for understanding cholera's pathophysiology and finding effective interventions. The toxin's unique mechanism of action not only explains the severe symptoms of the disease but also opens avenues for innovative vaccine strategies. As we continue to confront cholera outbreaks worldwide, ongoing research into cholera toxin will remain essential in our efforts to combat this deadly disease.

霍乱是一种由霍乱弧菌引起的严重腹泻疾病。霍乱最危险的方面之一是它能够产生一种强效蛋白质，称为霍乱毒素。这种毒素负责感染个体迅速失去液体和电解质，导致严重脱水，如果不治疗，可能在几小时内导致死亡。理解霍乱毒素的机制对于开发有效的治疗方法和预防措施以应对霍乱疫情至关重要。霍乱毒素由两个主要亚单位组成：A和B。B亚单位与肠道细胞表面结合，促进A亚单位进入细胞。一旦进入，A亚单位激活一种称为腺苷酸酰化酶的酶，从而增加环状AMP（cAMP）的生成。cAMP水平的升高破坏了肠道内膜中正常的离子运输过程，导致氯离子和水过量分泌到肠腔中。这导致了霍乱的特征性水样腹泻。霍乱毒素的影响不仅限于疾病的即时症状。大量液体流失可能导致电解质失衡、肾衰竭和休克。在霍乱地方流行的地区，如非洲和亚洲部分地区，霍乱毒素的存在构成了重大公共卫生威胁。控制霍乱疫情的努力通常集中在改善水和卫生基础设施，以及提供口服补液方案和疫苗的获取。对霍乱毒素的研究也为微生物学和免疫学的更广泛领域提供了见解。科学家们探索了如何将毒素作为疫苗开发的工具。例如，产生非毒性变异的霍乱弧菌减毒株已用于疫苗接种，以在不引起疾病的情况下刺激免疫反应。这种方法突显了霍乱毒素的双重性质：虽然它是一种有害病原体，但也可以在医学科学中被利用以获得有益的目的。总之，研究霍乱毒素对于理解霍乱的病理生理学和寻找有效干预措施至关重要。毒素独特的作用机制不仅解释了该疾病的严重症状，还为创新的疫苗策略打开了新的途径。随着我们继续面对全球霍乱疫情，针对霍乱毒素的持续研究将在我们努力抗击这一致命疾病的过程中保持重要地位。