base sequence

简明释义

碱基序列

英英释义

例句

1.In bioinformatics, comparing the base sequence of different organisms can reveal evolutionary relationships.

在生物信息学中，比较不同生物的碱基序列可以揭示进化关系。

2.The geneticist analyzed the base sequence of the DNA to identify mutations.

遗传学家分析了DNA的碱基序列以识别突变。

3.The base sequence of a gene determines the protein it encodes.

基因的碱基序列决定了它编码的蛋白质。

4.Researchers used PCR to amplify the base sequence for further analysis.

研究人员使用PCR扩增碱基序列以进行进一步分析。

5.The base sequence was crucial for designing specific primers in the experiment.

该碱基序列对实验中设计特定引物至关重要。

作文

In the field of molecular biology, understanding the genetic code is essential for various applications such as genetic engineering, medicine, and forensic science. A crucial concept in this area is the term base sequence, which refers to the specific order of nucleotide bases in a DNA or RNA molecule. These nucleotide bases include adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G) in DNA, and uracil (U) replaces thymine in RNA. The base sequence determines the genetic information carried by the molecule, influencing everything from the development of an organism to its ability to respond to environmental changes.To illustrate the importance of base sequence, consider the process of protein synthesis. Proteins are essential molecules that perform a vast array of functions within living organisms, including acting as enzymes, hormones, and structural components. The synthesis of proteins begins with the transcription of DNA into messenger RNA (mRNA), where the base sequence of the DNA is copied into a complementary sequence of RNA bases. This mRNA then undergoes translation, where ribosomes read the base sequence in sets of three nucleotides, known as codons. Each codon corresponds to a specific amino acid, the building blocks of proteins. Therefore, any alteration in the base sequence can lead to changes in the resulting protein, potentially causing diseases or affecting an organism's traits.Moreover, the study of base sequence has significant implications in the field of genetics. For instance, scientists can identify mutations—changes in the base sequence that may result in genetic disorders. Techniques such as DNA sequencing allow researchers to determine the exact base sequence of an individual's genome, enabling them to pinpoint specific mutations associated with hereditary conditions. This knowledge is vital for developing targeted therapies and personalized medicine approaches that take into account an individual's unique genetic makeup.In addition to its role in genetics and molecular biology, the concept of base sequence is also fundamental in biotechnology. With advancements in genetic engineering, scientists can manipulate the base sequence of organisms to enhance desirable traits, such as disease resistance in crops or the production of insulin in bacteria. This technology has revolutionized agriculture and medicine, leading to the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and biopharmaceuticals.Furthermore, the analysis of base sequence plays a critical role in forensic science. DNA profiling relies on the examination of specific regions of the genome, where variations in the base sequence can be used to identify individuals. This technique has become a powerful tool in criminal investigations, paternity testing, and identifying remains. The uniqueness of each person's base sequence makes it possible to link biological evidence to specific individuals with high accuracy.In conclusion, the concept of base sequence is pivotal in understanding the complexities of genetics, molecular biology, and biotechnology. From the synthesis of proteins to the identification of genetic disorders and the application of genetic engineering, the base sequence serves as the foundation for many scientific advancements. As research continues to evolve, the implications of understanding and manipulating base sequence will undoubtedly expand, opening new avenues for innovation in medicine, agriculture, and beyond.

在分子生物学领域，理解遗传密码对基因工程、医学和法医学等各种应用至关重要。这个领域中的一个关键概念是“base sequence”（碱基序列）一词，它指的是DNA或RNA分子中核苷酸碱基的特定排列顺序。这些核苷酸碱基包括DNA中的腺嘌呤（A）、胸腺嘧啶（T）、胞嘧啶（C）和鸟嘌呤（G），而在RNA中，尿嘧啶（U）替代了胸腺嘧啶。base sequence决定了分子所携带的遗传信息，影响着从有机体的发育到其对环境变化的反应能力。为了说明base sequence的重要性，可以考虑蛋白质合成的过程。蛋白质是执行各种功能的基本分子，包括作为酶、激素和结构成分。蛋白质的合成始于DNA转录为信使RNA（mRNA），其中DNA的base sequence被复制为互补的RNA碱基序列。然后，这种mRNA经历翻译，核糖体以三核苷酸的组合作为单位读取base sequence，称为密码子。每个密码子对应一种特定的氨基酸，氨基酸是蛋白质的构建块。因此，任何在base sequence中的改变都可能导致所生成的蛋白质发生变化，从而可能引起疾病或影响有机体的特性。此外，研究base sequence在遗传学领域也具有重要意义。例如，科学家可以识别突变——base sequence中的变化可能导致遗传疾病。DNA测序等技术使研究人员能够确定个体基因组的确切base sequence，从而使他们能够准确找到与遗传病相关的特定突变。这一知识对于开发靶向疗法和个性化医学方法至关重要，这些方法考虑到个体独特的遗传构成。除了在遗传学和分子生物学中的作用外，base sequence的概念在生物技术中也至关重要。随着基因工程的进步，科学家可以操纵生物体的base sequence以增强期望的特性，例如作物的抗病能力或细菌中胰岛素的生产。这项技术彻底改变了农业和医学，导致了转基因生物（GMO）和生物制药的发展。此外，base sequence的分析在法医学中发挥着关键作用。DNA分析依赖于对基因组中特定区域的检查，在这些区域中，base sequence的变异可用于识别个体。这项技术已成为刑事调查、亲子鉴定和身份确认的强大工具。每个人的base sequence的独特性使得将生物证据与特定个体联系起来具有高度准确性。总之，base sequence的概念在理解遗传学、分子生物学和生物技术的复杂性方面至关重要。从蛋白质的合成到遗传疾病的识别以及基因工程的应用，base sequence作为许多科学进步的基础。随着研究的不断发展，理解和操纵base sequence的意义无疑会扩大，为医学、农业和其他领域的创新开辟新的途径。