base pairing

简明释义

碱基配对

英英释义

例句

1.The stability of the DNA double helix is largely due to base pairing 碱基配对 interactions.

DNA双螺旋的稳定性主要归功于碱基配对 base pairing相互作用。

2.The process of DNA replication relies heavily on base pairing 碱基配对 to ensure accuracy.

DNA复制的过程严重依赖于碱基配对 base pairing以确保准确性。

3.During PCR, base pairing 碱基配对 allows for the amplification of specific DNA sequences.

在PCR过程中，碱基配对 base pairing允许特定DNA序列的扩增。

4.Scientists study base pairing 碱基配对 to understand genetic mutations.

科学家研究碱基配对 base pairing以理解基因突变。

5.In RNA, base pairing 碱基配对 occurs between adenine and uracil instead of thymine.

在RNA中，碱基配对 base pairing发生在腺嘌呤和尿嘧啶之间，而不是胸腺嘧啶。

作文

In the world of molecular biology, the concept of base pairing is fundamental to understanding the structure and function of DNA. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the hereditary material in all known living organisms and many viruses. The structure of DNA is often described as a double helix, which consists of two long strands that wind around each other. These strands are made up of smaller units called nucleotides, each containing a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. The unique aspect of DNA is how these nitrogenous bases interact with one another through base pairing.There are four types of nitrogenous bases found in DNA: adenine (A), thymine (T), cytosine (C), and guanine (G). The rules of base pairing dictate that adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine. This specific pairing is due to the hydrogen bonds that form between the bases; A and T form two hydrogen bonds, while C and G form three. This complementary nature of base pairing is crucial for the stability of the DNA molecule and ensures that genetic information is accurately replicated during cell division.When DNA replicates, the two strands separate, and each serves as a template for the formation of a new complementary strand. The process of replication relies heavily on base pairing. As enzymes called DNA polymerases move along the separated strands, they add complementary nucleotides based on the existing template. For instance, if the template strand has an adenine, the enzyme will add a thymine to the new strand, following the rules of base pairing. This precise matching is essential for maintaining the integrity of genetic information across generations.Moreover, base pairing is not only significant in DNA replication but also plays a critical role in the processes of transcription and translation, which are vital for protein synthesis. During transcription, a segment of DNA is copied into messenger RNA (mRNA). Here, the rules of base pairing still apply, but with a slight twist: uracil (U) replaces thymine in RNA. Therefore, adenine pairs with uracil during this process. This transcription process is foundational for translating the genetic code into proteins, which perform various functions within the cell.In addition to its biological importance, base pairing has practical applications in biotechnology and medicine. Techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing rely on the principles of base pairing to amplify and analyze DNA. Understanding base pairing allows scientists to develop targeted therapies for genetic disorders and to create genetically modified organisms for agricultural purposes.In conclusion, base pairing is a cornerstone of molecular biology that underpins the structure and function of DNA. Its specific pairing rules ensure the faithful transmission of genetic information, making it essential for life as we know it. As research continues to advance, the implications of base pairing extend beyond basic biology into fields such as medicine and biotechnology, highlighting its significance in both understanding life and enhancing human health. The study of base pairing not only enriches our knowledge of genetics but also opens doors to innovative solutions for future challenges in science and medicine.

在分子生物学的世界中，碱基配对的概念对于理解DNA的结构和功能至关重要。DNA，或脱氧核糖核酸，是所有已知生物和许多病毒的遗传物质。DNA的结构通常被描述为双螺旋，由两条长链相互缠绕而成。这些链由称为核苷酸的小单元组成，每个核苷酸包含一个糖、一个磷酸基团和一个氮碱基。DNA的独特之处在于这些氮碱基之间通过碱基配对相互作用。DNA中有四种类型的氮碱基：腺嘌呤（A）、胸腺嘧啶（T）、胞嘧啶（C）和鸟嘌呤（G）。碱基配对的规则决定了腺嘌呤与胸腺嘧啶配对，胞嘧啶与鸟嘌呤配对。这种特定的配对是由于碱基之间形成的氢键；A和T形成两个氢键，而C和G形成三个氢键。这种互补性质的碱基配对对DNA分子的稳定性至关重要，并确保在细胞分裂过程中遗传信息的准确复制。当DNA复制时，两条链分开，每条链作为新互补链形成的模板。复制过程在很大程度上依赖于碱基配对。当称为DNA聚合酶的酶沿着分开的链移动时，它们根据现有模板添加互补核苷酸。例如，如果模板链上有一个腺嘌呤，酶会在新链上添加一个胸腺嘧啶，遵循碱基配对的规则。这种精确的匹配对于维持遗传信息在世代之间的完整性至关重要。此外，碱基配对不仅在DNA复制中重要，还在转录和翻译过程中发挥关键作用，这对蛋白质合成至关重要。在转录过程中，DNA的一段被复制到信使RNA（mRNA）中。在这里，碱基配对的规则仍然适用，但稍微有所不同：尿嘧啶（U）取代了RNA中的胸腺嘧啶。因此，在这个过程中，腺嘌呤与尿嘧啶配对。这个转录过程是将遗传密码翻译成蛋白质的基础，而蛋白质在细胞内执行各种功能。除了其生物学重要性，碱基配对在生物技术和医学中也有实际应用。聚合酶链反应（PCR）和DNA测序等技术依赖于碱基配对的原理来扩增和分析DNA。理解碱基配对使科学家能够开发针对遗传疾病的靶向治疗，并为农业目的创造转基因生物。总之，碱基配对是分子生物学的基石，支撑着DNA的结构和功能。其特定的配对规则确保遗传信息的忠实传播，使其对生命至关重要。随着研究的不断进展，碱基配对的意义超越了基础生物学，延伸到医学和生物技术等领域，突显了其在理解生命和增强人类健康方面的重要性。对碱基配对的研究不仅丰富了我们对遗传学的知识，还为未来科学和医学中的创新解决方案打开了大门。