attenuated virus

简明释义

减弱病毒

英英释义

例句

1.People with weakened immune systems should avoid exposure to attenuated viruses.

免疫系统较弱的人应避免接触减毒病毒。

2.Researchers are studying how the attenuated virus can be used to develop more effective vaccines.

研究人员正在研究如何利用这种减毒病毒开发更有效的疫苗。

3.For some diseases, an attenuated virus is preferred over a killed virus for vaccination.

对于某些疾病，接种时更倾向于使用减毒病毒而不是灭活病毒。

4.The attenuated virus in this flu vaccine stimulates a strong immune response.

这种流感疫苗中的减毒病毒刺激了强烈的免疫反应。

5.The vaccine contains an attenuated virus that helps the immune system recognize and fight the disease.

该疫苗含有一种减毒病毒，可以帮助免疫系统识别和抵抗疾病。

作文

The concept of an attenuated virus refers to a virus that has been weakened or reduced in virulence, making it less capable of causing disease in a host. This technique is crucial in the development of vaccines, as it allows the immune system to recognize and respond to the virus without the risk of serious illness. For instance, the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine contains an attenuated virus that stimulates the immune response, providing protection against these diseases. When a person is vaccinated with an attenuated virus, their body recognizes the weakened pathogen as a foreign invader. The immune system then produces antibodies, which are proteins that help fight off infections. This process not only prepares the immune system to combat the actual virus if encountered in the future but also aids in the formation of memory cells. These memory cells remain in the body for years, allowing for a quicker and more effective response to future infections by the same virus. The use of attenuated viruses in vaccines has proven to be an effective strategy in public health. By immunizing large populations, we can achieve herd immunity, which protects those who cannot be vaccinated due to medical reasons, such as allergies or compromised immune systems. The widespread use of vaccines containing attenuated viruses has led to significant declines in diseases that once caused widespread morbidity and mortality. For example, the incidence of polio has drastically decreased since the introduction of the oral polio vaccine, which uses an attenuated virus. However, the development of attenuated viruses is not without its challenges. Scientists must carefully select and modify the virus to ensure that it retains enough characteristics to provoke a strong immune response while being sufficiently weakened to prevent disease. Additionally, there is always a small risk that an attenuated virus could revert to a more virulent form, although this is extremely rare. This necessitates rigorous testing and monitoring to ensure the safety and efficacy of vaccines. In recent years, advancements in genetic engineering have allowed for the creation of new attenuated viruses that are even more effective at eliciting an immune response. Techniques such as reverse genetics enable researchers to manipulate the genetic material of viruses, creating strains that are optimal for vaccination purposes. This innovation has the potential to improve vaccine development for emerging infectious diseases, such as COVID-19. In conclusion, the use of attenuated viruses in vaccines represents a remarkable achievement in medical science. By harnessing the body's natural immune response, these vaccines provide a safe and effective means of preventing infectious diseases. The ongoing research and development in this field continue to enhance our ability to combat existing and emerging pathogens, ultimately saving countless lives and improving public health worldwide. Understanding the role of attenuated viruses in vaccination is essential for appreciating the progress we have made in disease prevention and the importance of immunization programs.

‘减毒病毒’的概念是指经过削弱或降低致病性的病毒，使其在宿主中引起疾病的能力降低。这一技术在疫苗开发中至关重要，因为它允许免疫系统识别和应对病毒，而不必担心严重疾病的风险。例如，麻疹、腮腺炎和风疹（MMR）疫苗中含有一种‘减毒病毒’，可以刺激免疫反应，从而提供对这些疾病的保护。当一个人接种了含有‘减毒病毒’的疫苗时，他们的身体会将这种减弱的病原体视为外来入侵者。免疫系统随后会产生抗体，这是一种帮助抵抗感染的蛋白质。这个过程不仅为免疫系统做好准备，以便在未来遇到真正的病毒时作出反应，还帮助形成记忆细胞。这些记忆细胞会在体内存留多年，使得在未来感染同一病毒时能够更快、更有效地反应。在疫苗中使用‘减毒病毒’的策略被证明是公共卫生领域的一项有效措施。通过对大规模人群进行免疫接种，我们可以实现群体免疫，这保护了那些由于医疗原因（如过敏或免疫系统受损）无法接种疫苗的人。含有‘减毒病毒’的疫苗的广泛使用导致了曾经造成广泛发病和死亡的疾病显著减少。例如，自从口服脊髓灰质炎疫苗的引入以来，脊髓灰质炎的发生率大幅下降，该疫苗使用了‘减毒病毒’。然而，‘减毒病毒’的开发并非没有挑战。科学家必须仔细选择和修改病毒，以确保它保留足够的特征以激发强烈的免疫反应，同时又要足够减弱以防止疾病。此外，‘减毒病毒’在极少数情况下可能会恢复为更具致病性形式，这始终存在小风险。这需要严格的测试和监测，以确保疫苗的安全性和有效性。近年来，基因工程的进步使得创建新的‘减毒病毒’成为可能，这些病毒在引发免疫反应方面更加有效。逆向遗传学等技术使研究人员能够操控病毒的遗传物质，创造出最适合疫苗接种目的的株。这一创新有潜力改善对新兴传染病（如COVID-19）的疫苗开发。总之，在疫苗中使用‘减毒病毒’代表了医学科学的显著成就。通过利用身体自然的免疫反应，这些疫苗提供了一种安全有效的预防传染病的方法。该领域的持续研究和发展不断增强我们对抗现有和新兴病原体的能力，最终拯救无数生命，改善全球公共健康。理解‘减毒病毒’在疫苗接种中的作用对于欣赏我们在疾病预防方面取得的进展以及免疫接种计划的重要性至关重要。