addition reaction

简明释义

加成反应

英英释义

例句

1.The reaction between an alkene and a halogen is an example of a halogenation addition reaction 加成反应.

烯烃与卤素之间的反应是卤化加成反应 addition reaction 的一个例子。

2.In organic chemistry, an addition reaction 加成反应 involves the combination of two or more molecules to form a larger molecule.

在有机化学中，加成反应 addition reaction 涉及两个或多个分子的结合以形成更大的分子。

3.The formation of alcohols from alkenes through an addition reaction 加成反应 is a common process in synthetic chemistry.

通过加成反应 addition reaction 从烯烃形成醇是合成化学中的常见过程。

4.Hydrogenation is a type of addition reaction 加成反应 where hydrogen is added to unsaturated hydrocarbons.

氢化是一种加成反应 addition reaction，其中氢被添加到不饱和烃中。

5.In polymer chemistry, addition reactions 加成反应 are crucial for forming long-chain polymers from monomers.

在聚合物化学中，加成反应 addition reactions 对于从单体形成长链聚合物至关重要。

作文

In the world of chemistry, understanding various reactions is crucial for both students and professionals. One fundamental type of reaction that plays a significant role in organic chemistry is the addition reaction. An addition reaction is a chemical reaction where two or more molecules combine to form a larger molecule. This process typically involves the breaking of double or triple bonds in unsaturated compounds, allowing the addition of new atoms or groups. The importance of addition reactions cannot be overstated, as they are essential in the synthesis of many organic compounds, including pharmaceuticals, plastics, and other materials.To illustrate the concept of addition reactions, let’s consider the example of ethene (C2H4). Ethene is an unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double bond between its two carbon atoms. When ethene undergoes an addition reaction with hydrogen gas (H2) in the presence of a catalyst, it transforms into ethane (C2H6), a saturated hydrocarbon. This reaction can be represented as follows:C2H4 + H2 → C2H6.In this case, the double bond in ethene is broken, and hydrogen atoms are added to the carbon atoms, resulting in the formation of ethane. This type of reaction is known as hydrogenation, which is a specific example of an addition reaction.Another common example of an addition reaction is the reaction between alkenes and halogens. When an alkene reacts with bromine (Br2), the result is a vicinal dibromide. For instance, when propene (C3H6) reacts with bromine, the following reaction occurs:C3H6 + Br2 → C3H6Br2.Here, the double bond in propene is broken, and bromine atoms are added across the former double bond, producing a compound with two bromine atoms attached to adjacent carbon atoms. This reaction showcases how addition reactions can lead to the formation of new products with distinct properties from the reactants.The mechanism of addition reactions often involves the formation of intermediates. In the case of electrophilic addition, for example, the double bond acts as a nucleophile and attacks an electrophile, leading to the formation of a carbocation intermediate. Subsequently, a nucleophile can attack this carbocation, resulting in the final product. This stepwise process highlights the complexity and diversity of addition reactions in organic chemistry.Moreover, addition reactions are not limited to simple hydrocarbons. They also play a vital role in polymer chemistry. For instance, the polymerization of alkenes through addition reactions leads to the formation of various plastics, such as polyethylene and polypropylene. These materials are ubiquitous in modern society, demonstrating the practical applications of addition reactions in everyday life.In conclusion, mastering the concept of addition reactions is essential for anyone studying chemistry. These reactions are foundational to organic synthesis and have far-reaching implications in various industries. By understanding how addition reactions work, one can appreciate the intricate processes that govern the creation of countless substances we encounter daily. Whether in the laboratory or in industrial applications, addition reactions continue to be a driving force behind innovation and discovery in the field of chemistry.

在化学的世界里，理解各种反应对学生和专业人士来说至关重要。一种在有机化学中发挥重要作用的基本反应类型是加成反应。加成反应是一种化学反应，其中两个或多个分子结合形成一个更大的分子。这个过程通常涉及打破不饱和化合物中的双键或三键，从而允许新原子或基团的加入。加成反应的重要性不容小觑，因为它们在许多有机化合物的合成中至关重要，包括药物、塑料和其他材料。为了说明加成反应的概念，让我们考虑乙烯（C2H4）的例子。乙烯是一种不饱和烃，其两个碳原子之间存在双键。当乙烯在催化剂的存在下与氢气（H2）发生加成反应时，它转变为乙烷（C2H6），一种饱和烃。这个反应可以表示如下：C2H4 + H2 → C2H6。在这种情况下，乙烯中的双键被打破，氢原子被添加到碳原子上，形成乙烷。这种反应被称为氢化，是加成反应的一个特定例子。另一个常见的加成反应例子是烯烃与卤素的反应。当烯烃与溴（Br2）反应时，结果是一个邻位二溴化物。例如，当丙烯（C3H6）与溴反应时，发生以下反应：C3H6 + Br2 → C3H6Br2。在这里，丙烯中的双键被打破，溴原子被添加到前双键的位置，生成一个含有两个溴原子连接在相邻碳原子上的化合物。这个反应展示了加成反应如何导致新产物的形成，其性质与反应物截然不同。加成反应的机制通常涉及中间体的形成。在电亲核加成的情况下，例如，双键作为亲核试剂攻击电亲体，导致碳正离子中间体的形成。随后，一个亲核试剂可以攻击这个碳正离子，产生最终产品。这一逐步过程突显了有机化学中加成反应的复杂性和多样性。此外，加成反应不仅限于简单的烃。它们在聚合物化学中也发挥着重要作用。例如，通过加成反应聚合烯烃会形成各种塑料，如聚乙烯和聚丙烯。这些材料在现代社会中无处不在，展示了加成反应在日常生活中的实际应用。总之，掌握加成反应的概念对于任何学习化学的人来说都是必不可少的。这些反应是有机合成的基础，对各个行业都有深远的影响。通过理解加成反应的工作原理，人们可以欣赏到支配我们每天遇到的无数物质创造的复杂过程。无论是在实验室还是在工业应用中，加成反应继续成为化学领域创新和发现的推动力。