cytoplasmic male sterility

简明释义

细胞质雄性不育

英英释义

例句

1.The concept of cytoplasmic male sterility is crucial in hybrid seed production.

在杂交种子生产中，细胞质雄性不育的概念至关重要。

2.The use of cytoplasmic male sterility allows for easier production of hybrid plants.

使用细胞质雄性不育可以更容易地生产杂交植物。

3.Researchers are studying cytoplasmic male sterility to improve crop yields.

研究人员正在研究细胞质雄性不育以提高作物产量。

4.In maize breeding, cytoplasmic male sterility is often utilized for creating hybrids.

在玉米育种中，经常利用细胞质雄性不育来创造杂交品种。

5.One advantage of cytoplasmic male sterility is its ability to control pollination.

细胞质雄性不育的一个优点是能够控制授粉。

作文

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a phenomenon that has significant implications in the field of plant breeding and genetics. This trait, which refers to the inability of a plant to produce viable pollen due to specific cytoplasmic factors, has been widely studied and utilized in crop improvement programs. Understanding cytoplasmic male sterility (细胞质雄性不育) is crucial for developing hybrid plants that can enhance yield and disease resistance.The concept of cytoplasmic male sterility (细胞质雄性不育) was first discovered in the 1920s when researchers observed that certain maize plants were unable to produce pollen. Further investigations revealed that this sterility was not caused by nuclear genetic factors but rather by the cytoplasm of the plant cells. The cytoplasm contains organelles, such as mitochondria and plastids, which can influence the expression of genes necessary for pollen development.One of the primary advantages of utilizing cytoplasmic male sterility (细胞质雄性不育) in agriculture is the ability to create hybrid crops. Hybridization is a common practice where two genetically distinct plants are crossed to produce offspring with desirable traits. However, to ensure that the hybrid seeds are produced, it is essential to control the pollination process. By employing cytoplasmic male sterility (细胞质雄性不育), breeders can easily manage the mating system by planting a sterile male parent alongside a fertile female parent. This method guarantees that the female parent does not self-pollinate, thus allowing for pure hybrid seed production.Moreover, cytoplasmic male sterility (细胞质雄性不育) plays a vital role in enhancing genetic diversity in crops. When breeders utilize CMS in their programs, they can introduce new genetic material from various sources, leading to improved traits such as drought resistance, pest tolerance, and higher nutritional value. This genetic variation is essential for adapting to changing environmental conditions and ensuring food security for the growing global population.Despite its advantages, there are challenges associated with cytoplasmic male sterility (细胞质雄性不育). One significant issue is the risk of restoring fertility through natural or artificial means, which could lead to the production of unwanted seeds. Additionally, the reliance on CMS systems may limit genetic options if not managed properly. Therefore, it is crucial for plant breeders to continually research and develop strategies to mitigate these risks while maximizing the benefits of cytoplasmic male sterility (细胞质雄性不育).In conclusion, cytoplasmic male sterility (细胞质雄性不育) is an essential tool in modern plant breeding, facilitating the development of hybrid crops and enhancing genetic diversity. As the world faces increasing agricultural challenges, understanding and effectively utilizing this phenomenon will be vital for ensuring sustainable food production. Continued research in this area will undoubtedly lead to innovative solutions that benefit both farmers and consumers alike.

细胞质雄性不育（CMS）是一个在植物育种和遗传学领域具有重要意义的现象。这一特征指的是由于特定细胞质因素导致植物无法产生可育花粉，已经被广泛研究并应用于作物改良程序。理解细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility）对于开发能够提高产量和抗病性的杂交植物至关重要。细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility）的概念最早在20世纪20年代被发现，当时研究人员观察到某些玉米植物无法产生花粉。进一步的研究揭示，这种不育并不是由核基因因素引起的，而是由植物细胞的细胞质所致。细胞质中含有如线粒体和质体等细胞器，它们可以影响花粉发育所需基因的表达。利用细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility）在农业中的主要优点之一是能够创造杂交作物。杂交是一个常见的实践，通过将两个遗传上不同的植物交叉以产生具有理想特征的后代。然而，为了确保杂交种子的生产，控制授粉过程是必不可少的。通过采用细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility），育种者可以轻松管理交配系统，将不育的雄性亲本与可育的雌性亲本一起种植。这种方法保证了雌性亲本不会自花授粉，从而允许纯杂交种子的生产。此外，细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility）在增强作物遗传多样性方面也发挥着重要作用。当育种者在其程序中利用CMS时，他们可以引入来自各种来源的新遗传材料，从而改善抗旱性、抗虫性和更高的营养价值等特性。这种遗传变异对于适应不断变化的环境条件和确保全球人口日益增长的粮食安全至关重要。尽管有其优点，但细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility）也面临一些挑战。一个重大问题是通过自然或人工方式恢复生育的风险，这可能导致不必要的种子产生。此外，如果管理不当，依赖CMS系统可能会限制遗传选择。因此，植物育种者必须不断研究和开发策略，以减轻这些风险，同时最大化细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility）的好处。总之，细胞质雄性不育（cytoplasmic male sterility）是现代植物育种中的一个重要工具，促进了杂交作物的开发和遗传多样性的增强。随着世界面临日益增加的农业挑战，理解和有效利用这一现象对确保可持续的食品生产至关重要。在这一领域的持续研究无疑将引领创新解决方案，惠及农民和消费者。