pure monopoly

简明释义

纯垄断

英英释义

例句

1.The government regulates industries that operate as a pure monopoly to protect consumers from price gouging.

政府对作为完全垄断的行业进行监管，以保护消费者免受价格欺诈。

2.Electricity distribution in some regions is a classic example of a pure monopoly.

某些地区的电力分配是完全垄断的经典例子。

3.The pharmaceutical company held a pure monopoly on the patent for a life-saving drug.

这家制药公司对一种救命药物的专利拥有完全垄断权。

4.In a pure monopoly, the sole provider controls the entire market, leaving no room for competition.

在完全垄断中，唯一的供应商控制着整个市场，没有竞争的空间。

5.A pure monopoly can lead to inefficiencies in production and higher prices for consumers.

一个完全垄断可能导致生产效率低下和消费者价格上涨。

作文

In economic terms, a pure monopoly refers to a market structure where a single seller dominates the entire market for a particular product or service. This seller is the sole provider, and there are no close substitutes available for consumers. The concept of pure monopoly is crucial in understanding how monopolistic markets operate and the implications they have on consumers and the economy as a whole. One of the defining characteristics of a pure monopoly is the lack of competition. Since there is only one seller, this entity has significant control over the price of the good or service it offers. In a competitive market, prices are determined by supply and demand; however, in a pure monopoly, the monopolist can set prices higher than they would be in a competitive environment. This often leads to a decrease in consumer surplus, as buyers pay more for less choice. Moreover, a pure monopoly can result in inefficiencies in the market. Because the monopolist does not face competition, there is little incentive to innovate or improve products and services. This stagnation can lead to a decline in quality over time, as the monopolist may prioritize profit maximization over customer satisfaction. For instance, if a company has a pure monopoly on a life-saving medication, it might choose to keep prices high rather than invest in research and development for better alternatives. Another aspect to consider is the barriers to entry that create a pure monopoly. These barriers can be natural, such as high startup costs or resource ownership, or artificial, like government regulations or patents. When these barriers are present, new competitors find it extremely difficult, if not impossible, to enter the market. This lack of competition can perpetuate the monopolistic status quo, further entrenching the power of the monopolist. The implications of a pure monopoly extend beyond just pricing and product quality. It can also affect employment and economic growth. Monopolies may not hire as many workers as competitive firms would, leading to higher unemployment rates in industries dominated by a pure monopoly. Additionally, the lack of competition can stifle innovation, resulting in slower economic growth overall. Governments often intervene in cases of pure monopoly to protect consumers and promote competition. Antitrust laws are designed to prevent monopolistic practices and encourage a diverse marketplace. By breaking up monopolies or regulating their behavior, governments aim to foster an environment where multiple firms can thrive, ultimately benefiting consumers through lower prices and better products. In conclusion, a pure monopoly represents a market scenario where one seller exerts total control over a product or service, leading to various economic consequences. Understanding the dynamics of a pure monopoly is essential for policymakers, businesses, and consumers alike. Recognizing the potential downsides of monopolistic practices can help in advocating for fair competition and ensuring that the market operates efficiently for everyone involved.

在经济学中，纯垄断指的是一种市场结构，其中单一卖方主导特定产品或服务的整个市场。这个卖方是唯一的提供者，消费者没有可替代的选择。理解纯垄断的概念对于了解垄断市场如何运作及其对消费者和整体经济的影响至关重要。纯垄断的一个定义特征是缺乏竞争。由于只有一个卖方，这个实体对其提供的商品或服务的价格具有显著控制权。在竞争市场中，价格由供求关系决定；然而，在纯垄断中，垄断者可以将价格定得高于竞争环境下的水平。这通常会导致消费者剩余的减少，因为买家为更少的选择支付更多。 此外，纯垄断可能导致市场效率低下。因为垄断者不面临竞争，所以创新或改善产品和服务的动力很小。这种停滞可能导致质量随时间下降，因为垄断者可能优先考虑利润最大化而不是客户满意度。例如，如果一家公司拥有一种救命药物的纯垄断，它可能会选择保持高价，而不是投资于研发更好的替代品。 另一个需要考虑的方面是创造纯垄断的进入壁垒。这些壁垒可以是自然的，例如高启动成本或资源所有权，或者是人为的，比如政府法规或专利。当这些壁垒存在时，新竞争者发现进入市场极其困难，甚至不可能。这种缺乏竞争可能会延续垄断的现状，进一步巩固垄断者的权力。 纯垄断的影响不仅限于定价和产品质量。它还可能影响就业和经济增长。垄断企业可能不会像竞争公司那样雇用那么多工人，导致受纯垄断主导的行业中失业率上升。此外，缺乏竞争可能会抑制创新，导致整体经济增长缓慢。政府常常在纯垄断的情况下进行干预，以保护消费者并促进竞争。反垄断法旨在防止垄断行为并鼓励多样化的市场。通过拆分垄断或监管其行为，政府旨在营造一个多个公司可以蓬勃发展的环境，最终通过降低价格和提供更好的产品来使消费者受益。总之，纯垄断代表了一种市场情景，其中一个卖方对某种产品或服务施加完全控制，从而导致各种经济后果。理解纯垄断的动态对于政策制定者、企业和消费者都至关重要。认识到垄断行为潜在的负面影响可以帮助倡导公平竞争，并确保市场为所有参与者高效运作。