price maker

简明释义

价格制定者

英英释义

例句

1.As a price maker, the luxury brand can charge significantly higher prices than its competitors.

作为一个价格制定者，这个奢侈品牌可以收取比竞争对手高得多的价格。

2.The tech giant has become a price maker in the smartphone industry due to its innovative products.

由于其创新产品，这家科技巨头已成为智能手机行业的价格制定者。

3.When a new drug is patented, the pharmaceutical company becomes a price maker until the patent expires.

当一种新药获得专利时，制药公司在专利到期之前成为价格制定者。

4.In a monopoly, the company is a price maker because it can set prices without competition.

在垄断市场中，公司是一个价格制定者，因为它可以在没有竞争的情况下设定价格。

5.Farms that produce unique organic products often act as a price maker in their local markets.

生产独特有机产品的农场通常在当地市场上充当价格制定者。

作文

In the world of economics, the term price maker refers to a firm or individual that has the power to influence the price of a good or service in the market. Unlike a price taker, which must accept the market price as given, a price maker can set prices above or below the equilibrium level due to its market power. This phenomenon is particularly evident in monopolistic or oligopolistic markets where few firms dominate the supply. Understanding the role of a price maker is crucial for both consumers and businesses alike.The concept of a price maker is most commonly associated with monopolies. A monopoly exists when a single company is the sole provider of a product or service, allowing it to control prices without competition. For example, if a pharmaceutical company develops a new drug that is life-saving but has no competitors, it becomes a price maker. The company can set its price high, maximizing profits while consumers have little choice but to pay what is asked. This can lead to ethical concerns, as the health and well-being of individuals may depend on their ability to afford necessary medications.On the other hand, in an oligopoly, a few firms hold significant market share, and each firm must consider the potential reactions of its competitors when setting prices. In this scenario, firms also act as price makers. For instance, if one airline decides to increase ticket prices, others might follow suit to maintain profit margins. This interdependence among firms means that the actions of a price maker can have far-reaching effects on the entire market.In contrast, in perfectly competitive markets, firms are considered price takers. They have no control over the market price and must sell their products at the prevailing rate. This situation arises when many firms offer identical products, leading to intense competition. Here, the concept of a price maker does not apply, as no single firm can influence the market price.The implications of being a price maker extend beyond just pricing strategies. It affects how businesses approach marketing, production, and even customer relations. A price maker may invest more in branding and advertising to reinforce its market position and justify higher prices. Additionally, understanding consumer behavior becomes critical, as a price maker needs to gauge how much customers are willing to pay before setting prices.From a consumer perspective, recognizing price makers in the market can help individuals make informed decisions. When consumers understand that certain companies have the power to set prices, they may seek alternatives or advocate for regulatory changes. For example, public outcry against high drug prices has led to discussions about price controls and the need for transparency in pharmaceutical pricing.In conclusion, the concept of a price maker plays a vital role in economic theory and practice. Whether in monopolistic or oligopolistic markets, price makers shape the landscape of pricing and competition. Both businesses and consumers must navigate these dynamics carefully, as they significantly impact market behavior and economic welfare. By understanding the functions and implications of price makers, stakeholders can better position themselves in a complex economic environment.

在经济学中，术语价格制定者指的是能够影响市场中商品或服务价格的公司或个人。与价格接受者不同，后者必须接受给定的市场价格，价格制定者可以根据其市场权力设定高于或低于均衡水平的价格。这种现象在垄断或寡头市场中特别明显，在这些市场中，少数公司主导供应。理解价格制定者的角色对消费者和企业都至关重要。价格制定者的概念通常与垄断相关。当一个公司是某种产品或服务的唯一提供者时，就会形成垄断，使其能够在没有竞争的情况下控制价格。例如，如果一家制药公司开发了一种救命药物且没有竞争对手，它就成为了价格制定者。该公司可以将价格设定得很高，从而最大化利润，而消费者几乎别无选择，只能支付所要求的价格。这可能导致伦理问题，因为个人的健康和福祉可能取决于他们是否能够负担必要的药物。另一方面，在寡头市场中，少数几家公司占据了显著的市场份额，每家公司在设定价格时必须考虑竞争对手可能的反应。在这种情况下，公司也作为价格制定者。例如，如果一家航空公司决定提高机票价格，其他公司可能会随之跟进，以维持利润率。这种公司之间的相互依赖意味着价格制定者的行为可能对整个市场产生深远影响。相比之下，在完全竞争市场中，企业被视为价格接受者。它们无法控制市场价格，必须以现行价格出售其产品。这种情况出现在许多公司提供相同产品的情况下，导致激烈竞争。在这里，价格制定者的概念不适用，因为没有单个公司能够影响市场价格。作为价格制定者的影响不仅限于定价策略。它还影响企业如何处理营销、生产甚至客户关系。价格制定者可能会在品牌建设和广告上投入更多，以强化其市场地位并证明更高价格的合理性。此外，了解消费者行为变得至关重要，因为价格制定者需要评估客户愿意支付的价格，然后再设定价格。从消费者的角度来看，识别市场中的价格制定者可以帮助个人做出明智的决策。当消费者了解某些公司有能力设定价格时，他们可能会寻求替代方案或倡导监管变化。例如，公众对高药品价格的抗议引发了关于价格管制和制药定价透明度的讨论。总之，价格制定者的概念在经济理论和实践中发挥着至关重要的作用。无论是在垄断还是寡头市场中，价格制定者塑造了定价和竞争的格局。企业和消费者都必须谨慎应对这些动态，因为它们对市场行为和经济福利有重大影响。通过理解价格制定者的功能和影响，利益相关者可以在复杂的经济环境中更好地定位自己。