planned economy

简明释义

计划经济

英英释义

例句

1.In a planned economy, the government makes all the decisions about production and distribution.

在计划经济中，政府负责所有关于生产和分配的决策。

2.Countries with a planned economy often have less economic freedom for individuals.

拥有计划经济的国家通常对个人的经济自由度较低。

3.In a planned economy, resources are allocated according to a central plan rather than market forces.

在计划经济中，资源是根据中央计划分配的，而不是由市场力量决定的。

4.The transition from a planned economy to a market economy can be challenging.

从计划经济转型到市场经济可能会面临挑战。

5.Some argue that a planned economy can lead to inefficiencies due to lack of competition.

一些人认为，计划经济可能由于缺乏竞争而导致低效。

作文

A planned economy is an economic system in which the government or a central authority makes all decisions regarding the production and distribution of goods and services. In contrast to a market economy, where supply and demand dictate economic activities, a planned economy relies on a comprehensive plan that outlines what should be produced, how much should be produced, and at what price goods and services should be offered to consumers. This type of economy is often associated with socialist or communist systems, where the state plays a significant role in managing the economy to achieve specific social and economic goals.The primary advantage of a planned economy is that it can lead to greater equality and reduced levels of poverty. By controlling the allocation of resources, the government can ensure that basic needs are met for all citizens, rather than allowing wealth to accumulate in the hands of a few individuals or corporations. For instance, during times of crisis, such as natural disasters or economic downturns, a planned economy can quickly mobilize resources to provide relief and support to those who need it most.However, there are also significant drawbacks to a planned economy. One major criticism is that it can stifle innovation and efficiency. When the government controls all aspects of production, there is less incentive for businesses to improve their processes or develop new products. In a market economy, competition drives companies to innovate in order to attract customers. In contrast, a planned economy may become stagnant as state-run enterprises do not face the same pressures to perform well.Additionally, a planned economy can lead to bureaucratic inefficiencies. Centralized decision-making can result in slow responses to changing market conditions or consumer preferences. For example, if the government decides to produce a certain amount of a product based on outdated information, it may lead to surpluses or shortages. This lack of responsiveness can create frustration among consumers and producers alike.Some historical examples of planned economies include the Soviet Union and Maoist China, where the government dictated all aspects of economic life. While these systems aimed to eliminate poverty and promote equality, they often fell short due to the challenges mentioned above. In recent years, some countries have attempted to blend elements of both planned and market economies. For example, China has introduced market reforms while maintaining significant state control over key industries. This hybrid approach aims to harness the benefits of both systems while mitigating their respective weaknesses.In conclusion, a planned economy presents both opportunities and challenges. While it can promote equality and address societal needs effectively, it may also hinder innovation and responsiveness. As countries continue to navigate the complexities of economic systems, the debate between planned economies and market economies remains a critical topic in understanding how best to achieve sustainable growth and social welfare.

计划经济是一种经济系统，其中政府或中央权威机构负责所有与商品和服务的生产和分配相关的决策。与市场经济不同，在市场经济中，供求关系决定经济活动，而计划经济依赖于一项全面的计划，该计划概述了应该生产什么、生产多少以及商品和服务应以何种价格提供给消费者。这种经济类型通常与社会主义或共产主义制度相关联，在这些制度中，国家在管理经济方面发挥着重要作用，以实现特定的社会和经济目标。计划经济的主要优点是可以导致更大的平等和减少贫困水平。通过控制资源的分配，政府可以确保所有公民的基本需求得到满足，而不是让财富集中在少数个人或企业手中。例如，在危机时期，如自然灾害或经济衰退，计划经济可以迅速调动资源，为最需要帮助的人提供救助和支持。然而，计划经济也存在显著的缺点。一个主要的批评是，它可能抑制创新和效率。当政府控制生产的所有方面时，企业就没有动力去改善流程或开发新产品。在市场经济中，竞争推动公司创新以吸引客户。相比之下，计划经济可能会因国有企业没有面临同样的业绩压力而变得停滞不前。此外，计划经济可能导致官僚低效。集中决策可能导致对市场条件或消费者偏好的变化反应缓慢。例如，如果政府根据过时的信息决定生产某种产品的数量，可能会导致过剩或短缺。这种缺乏响应能力可能会在消费者和生产者之间造成挫败感。一些历史上的计划经济例子包括苏联和毛泽东时代的中国，在这些国家，政府规定了经济生活的所有方面。虽然这些系统旨在消除贫困并促进平等，但由于上述挑战，它们往往未能达到预期的效果。近年来，一些国家试图结合计划经济和市场经济的元素。例如，中国在保持对关键行业的重大国家控制的同时，引入了市场改革。这种混合方法旨在利用两种系统的优势，同时减轻各自的弱点。总之，计划经济既带来了机遇，也带来了挑战。虽然它可以有效地促进平等和满足社会需求，但也可能阻碍创新和响应能力。随着各国继续驾驭经济系统的复杂性，计划经济与市场经济之间的辩论仍然是理解如何最好地实现可持续增长和社会福利的关键话题。