Pareto efficiency

简明释义

帕累托效率

英英释义

例句

1.A market is considered efficient if it reaches Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率, where no further improvements can be made without harming another party.

如果市场达到Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率，则被认为是有效的，此时没有进一步改善的空间而不损害其他方。

2.When designing a new product, companies strive for Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率 in balancing cost and quality.

在设计新产品时，公司努力在成本和质量之间实现Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率的平衡。

3.The government aims to reach Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率 in public service delivery by optimizing resource allocation.

政府旨在通过优化资源分配来实现公共服务交付中的Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率。

4.In negotiation, parties often seek a solution that achieves Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率 to ensure mutual benefits.

在谈判中，各方通常寻求实现Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率的解决方案，以确保互惠互利。

5.In economics, achieving Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率 means that resources are allocated in a way that no individual can be made better off without making someone else worse off.

在经济学中，实现Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率意味着资源分配的方式是，没有人可以在不使其他人变得更糟的情况下变得更好。

作文

In the realm of economics and social sciences, the concept of Pareto efficiency plays a crucial role in understanding resource allocation and welfare economics. Named after the Italian economist Vilfredo Pareto, this principle states that an allocation is considered efficient if no reallocation can make one individual better off without making at least one individual worse off. In simpler terms, it means that resources are allocated in such a way that it is impossible to improve one person’s situation without harming another's. This idea can be applied not only in economics but also in various fields like game theory, political science, and even environmental studies.To illustrate Pareto efficiency, consider a simple example involving two individuals, Alice and Bob, who are sharing a pie. If Alice has two slices and Bob has three, we can assess whether this allocation is efficient. If we can give Alice one more slice without taking any away from Bob, then we have improved Alice's situation without harming Bob's, indicating that the initial distribution was not efficient. However, if Alice already has all the slices she can eat, any further redistribution would mean taking from Bob, thus violating the principle of efficiency.Understanding Pareto efficiency is essential for policymakers who aim to design systems that maximize societal welfare. For instance, in healthcare, a Pareto efficient allocation of medical resources ensures that patients receive the necessary care without causing undue harm to others who may also need those resources. Policymakers must therefore strive to find solutions that enhance overall welfare while respecting the constraints of efficiency.However, it is important to note that Pareto efficiency does not imply equity or fairness. An allocation can be efficient yet highly unequal. For example, one person could own 99% of resources while the other only has 1%. In this scenario, the allocation is still Pareto efficient as long as it is impossible to make one party better off without making the other worse off. This raises ethical questions about the desirability of such distributions and highlights the difference between efficiency and equity in economic discussions.Moreover, achieving Pareto efficiency in real-world scenarios can be challenging due to various market failures, externalities, and information asymmetries. For instance, when negative externalities such as pollution occur, the market may not allocate resources efficiently, leading to a situation where the welfare of society as a whole is compromised. Addressing these externalities often requires government intervention to correct the market failure and move towards a more efficient outcome.In conclusion, Pareto efficiency is a fundamental concept that helps us understand the intricacies of resource allocation and welfare. While it serves as a guiding principle for efficiency in economics, it also invites critical reflections on fairness and equity. As we navigate complex societal issues, recognizing the nuances of Pareto efficiency can lead to more informed decisions that balance both efficiency and equity, ultimately contributing to a more just society.

在经济学和社会科学领域，帕累托效率的概念在理解资源配置和福利经济学方面发挥着至关重要的作用。这个原则以意大利经济学家维尔弗雷多·帕累托命名，指出如果没有重新分配能使一个人更好，而不使至少一个人变得更糟，那么这种分配被认为是有效的。简单来说，这意味着资源被分配得如此之好，以至于无法改善一个人的状况而不伤害另一个人的利益。这个理念不仅可以应用于经济学，还可以应用于博弈论、政治科学甚至环境研究等多个领域。为了说明帕累托效率，我们考虑一个简单的例子，涉及两个个体，艾丽斯和鲍勃，他们正在分享一块派。如果艾丽斯有两片，而鲍勃有三片，我们可以评估这种分配是否有效。如果我们可以给艾丽斯再多一片，而不从鲍勃那里拿走任何东西，那么我们就改善了艾丽斯的状况，而没有伤害鲍勃，这表明初始分配不是有效的。然而，如果艾丽斯已经拥有她能吃的所有片数，那么任何进一步的重新分配都会意味着从鲍勃那里拿走东西，从而违反效率原则。理解帕累托效率对政策制定者至关重要，他们旨在设计最大化社会福利的系统。例如，在医疗保健中，帕累托有效的医疗资源分配确保患者获得必要的护理，而不对其他可能也需要这些资源的人造成不当伤害。因此，政策制定者必须努力寻找既能提高整体福利又能尊重效率约束的解决方案。然而，需要注意的是，帕累托效率并不意味着公平或公正。尽管一种分配可以是有效的，但却高度不平等。例如，一个人可能拥有99%的资源，而另一个人只有1%。在这种情况下，分配仍然是帕累托效率的，只要不可能使一方变得更好而不使另一方变得更糟。这引发了关于这种分配的可取性伦理问题，并强调了经济讨论中效率与公平之间的差异。此外，由于各种市场失灵、外部性和信息不对称，现实世界中实现帕累托效率可能面临挑战。例如，当负外部性如污染发生时，市场可能无法有效配置资源，导致整个社会的福利受到损害。解决这些外部性通常需要政府干预，以纠正市场失灵，朝着更有效的结果迈进。总之，帕累托效率是一个基本概念，有助于我们理解资源配置和福利的复杂性。虽然它作为经济学中效率的指导原则，但也引发了对公平和公正的深思。当我们应对复杂的社会问题时，认识到帕累托效率的细微差别可以带来更明智的决策，平衡效率与公平，最终促进一个更公正的社会。