ordinal utility

简明释义

序数效用

英英释义

例句

1.Understanding ordinal utility can help businesses tailor their products to better meet consumer desires.

理解序数效用可以帮助企业调整其产品，以更好地满足消费者的需求。

2.In economics, the concept of ordinal utility is used to rank consumer preferences without measuring the exact satisfaction levels.

在经济学中，序数效用的概念用于对消费者偏好进行排名，而不测量确切的满足水平。

3.The theory of ordinal utility suggests that what matters is the order of preferences rather than the specific values assigned to them.

序数效用理论表明，重要的是偏好的顺序，而不是赋予它们的具体值。

4.When comparing different products, consumers often rely on ordinal utility to determine which one they prefer more.

在比较不同产品时，消费者通常依赖于序数效用来确定他们更喜欢哪个产品。

5.In a survey, respondents might indicate their preferences using ordinal utility rankings instead of numerical scores.

在一项调查中，受访者可能会使用序数效用排名而不是数字评分来表示他们的偏好。

作文

In economics, the concept of utility refers to the satisfaction or pleasure that a consumer derives from consuming goods and services. Among various theories of utility, ordinal utility plays a significant role in understanding consumer preferences. Unlike cardinal utility, which quantifies satisfaction on a numerical scale, ordinal utility focuses on the ranking of preferences without assigning specific values. This means that a consumer can express their preferences for different bundles of goods in order of satisfaction but does not need to measure how much more they prefer one bundle over another.To illustrate this concept, consider a scenario where a consumer has three choices: apples, bananas, and oranges. Using ordinal utility, the consumer might rank their preferences as follows: apples first, bananas second, and oranges third. This ranking indicates that the consumer prefers apples to bananas and bananas to oranges, but it does not specify how much more they prefer one fruit over the others. This is a crucial distinction because it allows economists to analyze consumer behavior without needing precise measurements of satisfaction.The significance of ordinal utility lies in its application to various economic models, particularly in consumer choice theory. When consumers face decisions about how to allocate their limited resources among various goods, they often rely on their preferences to guide their choices. By employing ordinal utility, economists can create models that predict how consumers will behave in different market scenarios. For instance, if the price of apples decreases, a consumer who ranks apples highest may choose to buy more apples, reflecting their preference ranking.Moreover, ordinal utility aligns with the idea of indifference curves, which represent combinations of goods that provide the same level of satisfaction to a consumer. Each curve corresponds to a different level of utility, and consumers can move along these curves based on their preferences. The shape and position of these curves help economists understand how changes in prices or income affect consumer choices. This graphical representation reinforces the idea that while consumers can rank their preferences, the exact level of satisfaction derived from each combination of goods remains subjective and unquantifiable.Critics of ordinal utility argue that it oversimplifies consumer behavior by ignoring the intensity of preferences. However, its strength lies in its simplicity and practicality. In real-world applications, it is often sufficient for economists to know that one option is preferred over another without needing to measure the degree of preference. This approach also facilitates the analysis of collective consumer behavior, enabling policymakers and businesses to make informed decisions based on general trends rather than individual measurements.In conclusion, ordinal utility provides a valuable framework for understanding consumer preferences and decision-making processes. By focusing on the ranking of choices rather than quantifying satisfaction, it allows economists to develop models that reflect actual consumer behavior more accurately. As we navigate an increasingly complex economic landscape, the principles of ordinal utility remain essential for both theoretical exploration and practical application in the field of economics.

在经济学中，效用的概念指的是消费者从消费商品和服务中获得的满足感或愉悦感。在各种效用理论中，ordinal utility（序数效用）在理解消费者偏好方面发挥着重要作用。与将满足感量化为数值的基数效用不同，ordinal utility关注的是偏好的排名，而不分配特定的数值。这意味着消费者可以按满意度对不同商品组合进行排序，但不需要衡量他们对一个组合的偏好程度比另一个组合高多少。为了说明这一概念，考虑一个场景，消费者有三种选择：苹果、香蕉和橙子。使用ordinal utility，消费者可能会将他们的偏好排名如下：苹果第一，香蕉第二，橙子第三。这个排名表明，消费者更喜欢苹果而不是香蕉，更喜欢香蕉而不是橙子，但并没有具体说明他们更喜欢一种水果的程度。这是一个关键的区别，因为它允许经济学家分析消费者行为，而无需精确测量满足感。ordinal utility的重要性体现在其对各种经济模型的应用，特别是在消费者选择理论中。当消费者面临如何在各种商品之间分配有限资源的决策时，他们常常依赖偏好来指导自己的选择。通过采用ordinal utility，经济学家可以创建模型来预测消费者在不同市场情境下的行为。例如，如果苹果的价格下降，排名最高的消费者可能会选择购买更多的苹果，反映出他们的偏好排名。此外，ordinal utility与无差异曲线的概念相一致，无差异曲线表示提供给消费者相同满意度的商品组合。每条曲线对应于不同的效用水平，消费者可以根据他们的偏好沿这些曲线移动。这些曲线的形状和位置帮助经济学家理解价格或收入变化如何影响消费者选择。这种图形表示法加强了这样的观点：虽然消费者可以对他们的偏好进行排名，但从每种商品组合中获得的确切满足感水平仍然是主观且不可量化的。ordinal utility的批评者认为，它通过忽略偏好的强度来过于简化消费者行为。然而，它的优势在于其简单性和实用性。在现实应用中，经济学家通常只需知道一个选项比另一个选项更受欢迎，而不需要测量偏好的程度。这种方法还促进了对集体消费者行为的分析，使政策制定者和企业能够根据一般趋势而不是个别测量做出明智的决策。总之，ordinal utility为理解消费者偏好和决策过程提供了一个有价值的框架。通过关注选择的排名而不是量化满足感，它使经济学家能够开发出更准确反映实际消费者行为的模型。在我们导航日益复杂的经济环境时，ordinal utility的原则仍然是经济学领域理论探索和实践应用的基础。