oligopoly market

简明释义

寡头市场

英英释义

例句

1.Pricing strategies in an oligopoly market are often influenced by the actions of the largest competitors.

在一个寡头垄断市场中，定价策略通常受到最大竞争对手行为的影响。

2.In an oligopoly market, barriers to entry are often high, preventing new competitors from entering.

在一个寡头垄断市场中，进入壁垒通常很高，阻止新竞争者进入。

3.Firms in an oligopoly market may engage in collusion to maximize their profits.

在一个寡头垄断市场中，公司可能会通过合谋来最大化他们的利润。

4.In an oligopoly market, a few firms dominate the entire industry, leading to limited competition.

在一个寡头垄断市场中，少数公司主导整个行业，导致竞争有限。

5.The telecommunications industry is a classic example of an oligopoly market.

电信行业是一个典型的寡头垄断市场的例子。

作文

An oligopoly market is a type of market structure where a small number of firms dominate the industry. This characteristic leads to a situation where each firm must consider the actions of the others when making decisions about pricing, output, and marketing strategies. Unlike in a perfectly competitive market, where many firms compete against each other, or a monopoly, where a single firm controls the entire market, an oligopoly market lies somewhere in between. In an oligopoly market, the few firms that exist have significant market power, which means they can influence prices and output levels. This market structure is commonly found in industries such as telecommunications, automobile manufacturing, and airline services. For instance, in the smartphone industry, companies like Apple, Samsung, and Google hold a significant share of the market, thus demonstrating the characteristics of an oligopoly market.One of the key features of an oligopoly market is the interdependence of firms. Each firm's decisions are influenced by the actions of its competitors. If one company decides to lower its prices, others may follow suit to maintain their market share. This price competition can lead to price wars, which can be damaging to all firms involved. Alternatively, firms may choose to engage in collusion, where they agree to set prices or limit production to maximize profits collectively. However, such practices are often illegal and heavily regulated by governments.Another important aspect of an oligopoly market is the barriers to entry that protect the existing firms from new competitors. These barriers can take many forms, including high startup costs, access to distribution channels, and brand loyalty among consumers. As a result, new firms find it challenging to enter the market, allowing the established companies to maintain their dominance.The behavior of firms in an oligopoly market can also lead to non-price competition. Since price cuts can be detrimental, firms often compete through advertising, product differentiation, and enhanced customer service. For example, in the fast-food industry, companies like McDonald's and Burger King invest heavily in marketing campaigns to attract customers, rather than solely competing on price.Moreover, the oligopoly market can lead to economic inefficiencies. While firms may earn substantial profits, consumers may face higher prices and fewer choices compared to more competitive markets. This situation raises concerns about consumer welfare and the overall efficiency of resource allocation in the economy. In conclusion, an oligopoly market is characterized by a small number of dominant firms that influence market dynamics through their interdependent actions. The presence of high barriers to entry protects these firms from competition, allowing them to engage in both price and non-price competition. While this market structure can lead to significant profits for established companies, it can also result in higher prices and reduced choices for consumers. Understanding the implications of an oligopoly market is crucial for policymakers and economists who strive to promote fair competition and protect consumer interests.

寡头市场是一种市场结构，其中少数几家公司主导着行业。这种特征导致每家公司在做出定价、产量和营销策略决策时，必须考虑其他公司的行为。与完全竞争市场（许多公司相互竞争）或垄断市场（单一公司控制整个市场）不同，寡头市场介于两者之间。在寡头市场中，存在的少数公司拥有显著的市场权力，这意味着它们可以影响价格和产量水平。这种市场结构通常出现在电信、汽车制造和航空服务等行业。例如，在智能手机行业，像苹果、三星和谷歌这样的公司占据了市场的重要份额，因此展示了寡头市场的特征。寡头市场的一个关键特征是公司之间的相互依赖性。每家公司的决策都受到竞争对手行为的影响。如果一家公司决定降低价格，其他公司可能会效仿以维持其市场份额。这种价格竞争可能导致价格战，对所有参与的公司都造成损害。或者，公司也可能选择进行合谋，即同意设定价格或限制生产，以共同最大化利润。然而，这种做法通常是非法的，并受到政府的严格监管。寡头市场的另一个重要方面是保护现有公司免受新竞争者影响的进入壁垒。这些壁垒可以采取多种形式，包括高昂的启动成本、进入分销渠道的难度以及消费者的品牌忠诚度。因此，新公司发现很难进入市场，从而使已建立的公司能够维持其主导地位。在寡头市场中，公司行为还可能导致非价格竞争。由于降价可能带来不利后果，公司往往通过广告、产品差异化和改善客户服务来竞争。例如，在快餐行业，麦当劳和汉堡王等公司大量投资于营销活动以吸引客户，而不仅仅是通过价格竞争。此外，寡头市场可能导致经济低效率。虽然公司可能获得可观的利润，但消费者可能面临比更具竞争性的市场更高的价格和更少的选择。这种情况引发了人们对消费者福利和资源配置整体效率的担忧。总之，寡头市场的特点是少数主导公司通过相互依赖的行为影响市场动态。高进入壁垒的存在保护这些公司免受竞争，使它们能够进行价格和非价格竞争。虽然这种市场结构可能为已建立的公司带来显著利润，但也可能导致消费者面临更高的价格和更少的选择。了解寡头市场的影响对于希望促进公平竞争和保护消费者利益的政策制定者和经济学家至关重要。