monopoly equilibrium

简明释义

垄断均衡

英英释义

例句

1.A shift in consumer preferences can lead to a new monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡 that the firm must adapt to.

消费者偏好的变化可能导致公司必须适应的新monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡。

2.The government intervened to prevent the company from exploiting its monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡 position to charge excessively high prices.

政府干预以防止该公司利用其monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡地位收取过高的价格。

3.In a market dominated by a single firm, the price often reflects the monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡 where the firm maximizes its profits.

在一个被单一公司主导的市场中，价格通常反映了该公司最大化利润的monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡。

4.Understanding monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡 is crucial for predicting how monopolists will react to changes in market conditions.

理解monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡对于预测垄断者如何应对市场条件变化至关重要。

5.Economists study how changes in demand can shift the monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡 to a new price point.

经济学家研究需求变化如何将monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡转移到新的价格点。

作文

In the study of economics, the concept of monopoly equilibrium plays a crucial role in understanding how monopolies operate within a market. A monopoly exists when a single firm dominates the entire market for a particular good or service, effectively eliminating any competition. This unique position allows the monopolist to set prices above the competitive level, leading to higher profits at the expense of consumer welfare. To better understand this phenomenon, it is essential to explore what monopoly equilibrium means and its implications for both the market and society.The term monopoly equilibrium refers to the point at which a monopolist maximizes its profits by determining the optimal price and quantity of goods to produce. Unlike firms in a competitive market, which must accept the prevailing market price, a monopolist has the market power to influence the price. This ability stems from the lack of substitutes for the monopolized product, allowing the firm to restrict output and raise prices without losing all of its customers.To illustrate this concept, consider a monopolist that produces a unique product, such as a patented drug. The company can choose to produce a lower quantity of the drug than would be produced in a competitive market, thereby driving up the price. At this monopoly equilibrium, the monopolist's marginal cost (the cost of producing one additional unit) is equal to its marginal revenue (the income generated from selling one additional unit). This condition ensures that the firm is maximizing its profits, as producing beyond this point would lead to decreased profits due to higher costs.However, the existence of monopoly equilibrium raises significant concerns regarding economic efficiency and social welfare. In a competitive market, prices are driven down to the level of marginal cost, ensuring that resources are allocated efficiently and consumers benefit from lower prices. In contrast, a monopolist's ability to set prices above marginal cost results in a deadweight loss to society, where potential gains from trade are lost because some consumers are unable or unwilling to pay the higher price. This inefficiency highlights the negative impact of monopolies on overall economic welfare.Moreover, the implications of monopoly equilibrium extend beyond just pricing and output decisions. Monopolists may engage in practices that stifle competition, such as predatory pricing or exclusive contracts, further entrenching their market power. These actions can create barriers to entry for potential competitors, perpetuating the monopolistic structure and limiting consumer choices.In response to these challenges, governments often intervene in markets to regulate monopolies and promote competition. Antitrust laws are designed to prevent monopolistic behavior and encourage market entry by new firms. By fostering a competitive environment, policymakers aim to reduce the adverse effects of monopoly equilibrium on consumers and the economy as a whole.In conclusion, understanding monopoly equilibrium is vital for grasping the dynamics of monopolistic markets and their broader economic implications. While monopolies can lead to higher profits for firms, they also result in inefficiencies and reduced consumer welfare. By recognizing the importance of competition and implementing regulatory measures, societies can mitigate the negative impacts of monopolies and promote a healthier economic landscape.

在经济学研究中，垄断均衡的概念在理解垄断如何在市场中运作方面起着至关重要的作用。当一个公司主导某一特定商品或服务的整个市场时，就形成了垄断，从而有效地消除了任何竞争。这种独特的地位使得垄断者能够将价格设定在竞争水平之上，从而导致更高的利润，而消费者福利则受到损害。为了更好地理解这一现象，有必要探讨一下垄断均衡的含义及其对市场和社会的影响。术语垄断均衡指的是垄断者通过确定最佳的价格和生产数量来最大化利润的点。与竞争市场中的公司必须接受现行市场价格不同，垄断者具有影响价格的市场权力。这种能力源于对垄断产品缺乏替代品，使得公司能够限制产量并提高价格，而不会失去所有客户。为了说明这个概念，考虑一个生产独特产品的垄断者，比如一款专利药物。该公司可以选择生产比竞争市场中更少的药物，从而抬高价格。在这个垄断均衡下，垄断者的边际成本（生产一个额外单位的成本）等于其边际收益（销售一个额外单位所产生的收入）。这一条件确保了公司最大化其利润，因为在此点之后生产将由于成本上升而导致利润减少。然而，垄断均衡的存在引发了关于经济效率和社会福利的重要担忧。在竞争市场中，价格被压低到边际成本的水平，确保资源的有效配置，消费者从较低的价格中受益。相比之下，垄断者将价格设定在边际成本之上，导致社会的死重损失，潜在的交易收益因一些消费者无法或不愿支付更高的价格而丧失。这种低效性突显了垄断对整体经济福利的负面影响。此外，垄断均衡的影响不仅限于定价和产出决策。垄断者可能会采取抑制竞争的做法，例如掠夺性定价或独占合同，进一步巩固其市场权力。这些行为可能会为潜在竞争者创造进入壁垒，延续垄断结构，限制消费者选择。为了应对这些挑战，政府通常会干预市场以监管垄断并促进竞争。反垄断法旨在防止垄断行为并鼓励新公司的市场进入。通过营造竞争环境，政策制定者旨在减少垄断均衡对消费者和整体经济的不利影响。总之，理解垄断均衡对于掌握垄断市场的动态及其更广泛的经济影响至关重要。虽然垄断可能会为公司带来更高的利润，但它们也会导致低效和消费者福利的减少。通过认识到竞争的重要性并实施监管措施，社会可以减轻垄断的负面影响，促进更健康的经济格局。