Mayan civilization

简明释义

玛雅文化

英英释义

例句

1.The Mayan civilization 玛雅文明 made significant advancements in mathematics and astronomy.

玛雅文明在数学和天文学方面取得了重大进展。

2.Tourists flock to Central America to explore the ruins of the Mayan civilization 玛雅文明.

游客们涌向中美洲，探索玛雅文明的遗址。

3.The decline of the Mayan civilization 玛雅文明 remains a topic of debate among historians.

玛雅文明的衰落仍然是历史学家们争论的话题。

4.The architecture of the Mayan civilization 玛雅文明 is known for its impressive pyramids and temples.

玛雅文明的建筑以其令人印象深刻的金字塔和庙宇而闻名。

5.Many scholars study the hieroglyphs left behind by the Mayan civilization 玛雅文明 to understand their history.

许多学者研究玛雅文明留下的象形文字，以了解他们的历史。

作文

The Mayan civilization was one of the most remarkable and advanced cultures in pre-Columbian America. It thrived in the region that is now southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and parts of Honduras and El Salvador. The Mayan civilization is known for its impressive achievements in various fields, including architecture, mathematics, astronomy, and agriculture. One of the most notable aspects of this civilization is its complex social structure, which included a hierarchy of nobles, priests, and commoners.The Mayan civilization reached its peak during the Classic period, around 250 to 900 AD. During this time, the Maya built magnificent cities with grand temples, palaces, and pyramids, many of which still stand today as a testament to their architectural prowess. The use of limestone and other local materials allowed them to create structures that were not only functional but also aesthetically pleasing.In addition to their architectural achievements, the Mayan civilization made significant advancements in mathematics and astronomy. They developed a sophisticated numerical system that included the concept of zero, which was revolutionary for its time. This mathematical knowledge enabled them to create accurate calendars, which were crucial for agricultural planning and religious ceremonies. The Mayan civilization had two main calendars: the Tzolk'in, a 260-day ritual calendar, and the Haab', a 365-day solar calendar.The Maya were also skilled astronomers, capable of predicting celestial events with remarkable precision. They observed the movements of the sun, moon, and stars, which played a vital role in their agricultural practices and religious beliefs. The Mayan civilization believed that celestial bodies influenced their lives, and they often held ceremonies to honor these deities.Agriculture was the backbone of the Mayan civilization, with maize (corn) being the staple crop. The Maya developed advanced farming techniques, such as slash-and-burn agriculture and terracing, to maximize their yields in the challenging tropical environment. This agricultural surplus allowed the population to grow and supported the development of cities and complex societies.Religion was central to the Mayan civilization, with a pantheon of gods that represented various aspects of nature and life. The Maya practiced elaborate rituals, including human sacrifices, to appease their gods and ensure agricultural fertility and prosperity. These religious beliefs were deeply intertwined with their understanding of astronomy and the cycles of nature.Despite their achievements, the Mayan civilization faced challenges that eventually led to its decline. Factors such as environmental degradation, warfare, and prolonged drought contributed to the collapse of major city-states during the late Classic period. However, the Mayan civilization did not completely disappear; many descendants of the Maya still inhabit the region today, preserving their cultural heritage and traditions.In conclusion, the Mayan civilization represents a fascinating chapter in human history. Its contributions to architecture, mathematics, astronomy, and agriculture continue to be studied and admired. Understanding the complexities of the Mayan civilization allows us to appreciate the rich cultural tapestry of ancient Mesoamerica and the enduring legacy of the Maya people.

玛雅文明是前哥伦布美洲最显著和最先进的文化之一。它在现在的墨西哥南部、危地马拉、伯利兹以及洪都拉斯和萨尔瓦多的部分地区繁荣发展。玛雅文明以其在建筑、数学、天文学和农业等多个领域的卓越成就而闻名。这个文明最显著的方面之一是其复杂的社会结构，包括贵族、祭司和普通人之间的等级关系。在经典时期（约公元250年至900年）玛雅文明达到了顶峰。在这段时间里，玛雅人建造了宏伟的城市，拥有壮丽的庙宇、宫殿和金字塔，其中许多至今仍屹立，见证了他们的建筑才能。使用石灰岩和其他当地材料使他们能够创造出既实用又美观的结构。除了建筑成就外，玛雅文明在数学和天文学方面也取得了重大进展。他们发展出了复杂的数字系统，包括零的概念，这在当时是革命性的。这种数学知识使他们能够创建准确的日历，这对于农业规划和宗教仪式至关重要。玛雅文明有两个主要的日历：Tzolk'in，一个260天的仪式日历，以及Haab'，一个365天的太阳日历。玛雅人还是熟练的天文学家，能够以惊人的精确度预测天体事件。他们观察太阳、月亮和星星的运动，这在农业实践和宗教信仰中发挥了重要作用。玛雅文明相信天体影响着他们的生活，他们常常举行仪式来尊崇这些神灵。农业是玛雅文明的支柱，玉米是主要作物。玛雅人发展了先进的耕作技术，如刀耕火种和梯田，以最大化他们在具有挑战性的热带环境中的产量。这种农业盈余使人口得以增长，并支持城市和复杂社会的发展。宗教在玛雅文明中占据中心地位，拥有代表自然和生命各个方面的众多神祇。玛雅人进行复杂的仪式，包括人祭，以安抚他们的神灵，确保农业丰收和繁荣。这些宗教信仰与他们对天文学和自然周期的理解紧密相连。尽管取得了成就，玛雅文明面临的挑战最终导致了其衰退。环境退化、战争和长期干旱等因素促成了经典晚期主要城邦的崩溃。然而，玛雅文明并没有完全消失，许多玛雅的后裔至今仍居住在该地区，保留着他们的文化遗产和传统。总之，玛雅文明代表了人类历史中一个迷人的篇章。它在建筑、数学、天文学和农业方面的贡献至今仍被研究和钦佩。理解玛雅文明的复杂性使我们能够欣赏古代中美洲丰富的文化织锦和玛雅人民的持久遗产。