marginal social benefit

简明释义

社会边际收益

英英释义

例句

1.When analyzing environmental policies, policymakers often consider the marginal social benefit of reducing carbon emissions.

在分析环境政策时，政策制定者通常会考虑减少碳排放的边际社会收益。

2.Investing in renewable energy can lead to significant marginal social benefits for future generations.

投资可再生能源可能为未来几代人带来显著的边际社会收益。

3.A higher education system should evaluate the marginal social benefit of each additional student it enrolls.

高等教育系统应该评估每增加一名学生的边际社会收益。

4.The government needs to assess the marginal social benefit of investing in public transportation to determine if it is worth the expenditure.

政府需要评估投资公共交通的边际社会收益以确定是否值得花费。

5.The marginal social benefit of implementing a new recycling program can be measured by the reduction in landfill waste.

通过减少填埋场废物，可以衡量实施新回收计划的边际社会收益。

作文

In the field of economics, understanding the concept of marginal social benefit is crucial for making informed decisions regarding resource allocation. The term refers to the additional benefit that society gains from consuming one more unit of a good or service. This concept helps policymakers and economists evaluate the effectiveness of various projects and initiatives by measuring the benefits against the costs involved. For instance, when a government considers investing in public transportation, it must assess the marginal social benefit of this investment. If the additional benefit to society, such as reduced traffic congestion, lower pollution levels, and improved accessibility, outweighs the costs, then the project may be deemed worthwhile.The calculation of marginal social benefit often involves various factors, including economic, environmental, and social impacts. Economists use models to estimate how much value individuals place on certain goods or services. For example, when analyzing the benefits of a new park in an urban area, researchers may survey residents to determine how much they would be willing to pay for access to green space. This willingness to pay reflects the individual’s perceived value of the park, which can then be aggregated to represent the overall benefit to society.Moreover, the marginal social benefit can vary significantly depending on the context. In some cases, the benefits may be immediate and tangible, such as increased employment opportunities resulting from a new factory opening. In other situations, the benefits might be long-term and less direct, such as the positive effects of education on societal well-being. Understanding these nuances is essential for accurately assessing the marginal social benefit of any given initiative.One important aspect to consider is that the marginal social benefit is not static; it can change over time due to shifts in societal preferences, technological advancements, or changes in the economic environment. For instance, as society becomes more environmentally conscious, the marginal social benefit associated with renewable energy sources may increase. Policymakers must remain vigilant and adaptable to these changes to ensure that their decisions continue to reflect the best interests of society.Additionally, the concept of marginal social benefit is closely linked to the idea of externalities. Externalities are costs or benefits that affect third parties who did not choose to incur those costs or benefits. For example, a factory that emits pollution creates a negative externality for nearby residents, while a well-maintained park provides positive externalities to the community. By taking externalities into account, economists can better understand the true marginal social benefit of a project and make recommendations that promote overall societal welfare.In conclusion, the concept of marginal social benefit is vital for evaluating the impact of various economic activities on society. It enables decision-makers to weigh the benefits and costs of projects effectively, ensuring that resources are allocated in a manner that maximizes societal welfare. As we continue to face complex economic challenges, a deep understanding of marginal social benefit will be essential for creating policies that foster sustainable growth and improve the quality of life for all members of society.

在经济学领域，理解边际社会收益的概念对于做出有关资源配置的明智决策至关重要。该术语指的是社会从消费一单位商品或服务中获得的额外收益。这个概念帮助政策制定者和经济学家通过衡量收益与相关成本来评估各种项目和倡议的有效性。例如，当政府考虑投资公共交通时，必须评估这一投资的边际社会收益。如果对社会的额外收益，如减少交通拥堵、降低污染水平和改善可达性，超过了成本，那么该项目可能被认为是值得的。边际社会收益的计算通常涉及多种因素，包括经济、环境和社会影响。经济学家使用模型来估算个人对某些商品或服务的价值。例如，在分析城市新公园的好处时，研究人员可能会调查居民，以确定他们愿意为获得绿地支付多少。这种支付意愿反映了个人对公园的感知价值，可以汇总以代表社会的整体收益。此外，边际社会收益在不同背景下可能会有显著变化。在某些情况下，收益可能是直接和有形的，例如新工厂开业带来的就业机会增加。在其他情况下，收益可能是长期的且不那么直接的，例如教育对社会福祉的积极影响。理解这些细微差别对于准确评估任何给定倡议的边际社会收益至关重要。需要考虑的一个重要方面是，边际社会收益并不是静态的；它可能会随着时间的推移而变化，这取决于社会偏好的变化、技术进步或经济环境的变化。例如，随着社会对环境保护意识的提高，新能源的边际社会收益可能会增加。政策制定者必须保持警惕，并适应这些变化，以确保他们的决策继续反映社会的最佳利益。此外，边际社会收益的概念与外部性密切相关。外部性是指影响未选择承担这些成本或收益的第三方的成本或收益。例如，排放污染的工厂对附近居民造成负外部性，而维护良好的公园则为社区提供正外部性。通过考虑外部性，经济学家可以更好地理解项目的真实边际社会收益，并提出促进整体社会福利的建议。总之，边际社会收益的概念对于评估各种经济活动对社会的影响至关重要。它使决策者能够有效地权衡项目的收益和成本，确保资源以最大化社会福利的方式进行配置。随着我们继续面临复杂的经济挑战，深入理解边际社会收益将对制定促进可持续增长和改善全体社会成员生活质量的政策至关重要。