marginal cost pricing

简明释义

边际成本定价

英英释义

例句

1.The government suggested implementing marginal cost pricing for public utilities to enhance efficiency.

政府建议对公共事业实施边际成本定价以提高效率。

2.Using marginal cost pricing allows businesses to cover variable costs while setting prices.

使用边际成本定价使企业在设定价格时能够覆盖变动成本。

3.The company decided to adopt marginal cost pricing to ensure they remain competitive in the market.

公司决定采用边际成本定价以确保他们在市场中保持竞争力。

4.In a perfectly competitive market, marginal cost pricing is often the norm.

在完全竞争的市场中，边际成本定价通常是常态。

5.By using marginal cost pricing, the firm can maximize its output without incurring losses.

通过使用边际成本定价，公司可以在不产生亏损的情况下最大化产出。

作文

Understanding the concept of marginal cost pricing is crucial for both economists and business leaders. This pricing strategy involves setting the price of a product or service equal to the additional cost incurred by producing one more unit of that product or service. In simpler terms, it means charging customers just enough to cover the costs associated with producing one extra item. The idea behind marginal cost pricing is to encourage efficient resource allocation and ensure that consumers only pay for what they consume. In an ideal market scenario, if a company adopts marginal cost pricing, it can lead to a situation where the supply of goods matches the demand perfectly. This equilibrium is essential for promoting welfare in an economy, as it maximizes consumer satisfaction while minimizing waste. For example, consider a utility company that provides water to a community. If the company charges based on marginal cost pricing, the price of water would reflect the cost of delivering an additional gallon. This ensures that consumers are incentivized to use water efficiently, leading to conservation and sustainable usage. However, while marginal cost pricing has its advantages, it also comes with challenges. One significant issue is that it may not cover fixed costs associated with production. Fixed costs are expenses that do not change regardless of the quantity produced, such as rent and salaries. If a company relies solely on marginal cost pricing, it might struggle to remain profitable in the long term since it may not be able to recover these fixed costs. Therefore, businesses often need to find a balance between marginal cost pricing and other pricing strategies to ensure sustainability. Moreover, marginal cost pricing can create complications in markets characterized by monopolies or oligopolies. In such scenarios, companies may have more power to set prices above marginal costs, which can lead to market inefficiencies. For instance, a monopoly may choose to charge a higher price than the marginal cost pricing would suggest, resulting in reduced consumer surplus and potential deadweight loss in the market. Despite these challenges, many economists advocate for the adoption of marginal cost pricing in certain sectors, particularly in public goods and services. Public goods, such as national defense and public parks, are typically non-excludable and non-rivalrous, meaning that one person's consumption does not diminish another's ability to consume. In such cases, using marginal cost pricing can help allocate resources more effectively and ensure that these services are available to everyone without excessive burden on taxpayers. In conclusion, marginal cost pricing is a fundamental economic principle that plays a vital role in how prices are determined in various markets. While it offers several benefits, including promoting efficiency and resource allocation, it also poses challenges that businesses must navigate. Understanding the nuances of marginal cost pricing allows economists and business leaders to make informed decisions that can lead to better outcomes for both consumers and producers alike.

理解边际成本定价的概念对经济学家和商业领袖都至关重要。这种定价策略涉及将产品或服务的价格设定为生产该产品或服务的额外成本。简单来说，这意味着向客户收取足够的费用以覆盖生产一额外单位所需的成本。边际成本定价背后的理念是鼓励资源的有效配置，并确保消费者只为他们消费的东西付费。在理想的市场情境中，如果一家公司采用边际成本定价，可能会导致商品供应与需求完美匹配的情况。这种均衡对于促进经济福利至关重要，因为它最大化了消费者满意度，同时最小化了浪费。例如，考虑一家为社区提供水的公用事业公司。如果该公司根据边际成本定价收费，水的价格将反映交付额外加仑水的成本。这确保了消费者有动力有效使用水，从而促进了节约和可持续使用。然而，尽管边际成本定价有其优势，但也存在挑战。一个重大问题是，它可能无法覆盖与生产相关的固定成本。固定成本是指无论生产数量如何变化都不会改变的费用，例如租金和工资。如果一家公司仅依靠边际成本定价，可能会在长期内难以保持盈利，因为它可能无法收回这些固定成本。因此，企业通常需要在边际成本定价和其他定价策略之间找到平衡，以确保可持续性。此外，边际成本定价在垄断或寡头市场中可能会造成复杂情况。在这种情况下，公司可能更有能力将价格设定在边际成本之上，这可能导致市场低效。例如，垄断者可能选择收取高于边际成本定价所建议的价格，从而导致消费者剩余减少和市场潜在的无谓损失。尽管面临这些挑战，许多经济学家仍然倡导在某些行业特别是在公共商品和服务中采用边际成本定价。公共商品，如国防和公园，通常是非排他性和非竞争性的，这意味着一个人的消费不会减少另一个人的消费能力。在这种情况下，使用边际成本定价可以帮助更有效地分配资源，并确保这些服务对每个人都可用，而不会给纳税人带来过大的负担。总之，边际成本定价是一个基本的经济原则，在各种市场中发挥着重要作用。虽然它提供了一些好处，包括促进效率和资源配置，但也带来了企业必须应对的挑战。理解边际成本定价的细微差别使经济学家和商业领袖能够做出明智的决策，从而为消费者和生产者带来更好的结果。