Great Depression

简明释义

大萧条

英英释义

例句

1.During the Great Depression 大萧条, unemployment rates soared to unprecedented levels.

在大萧条期间，失业率飙升到前所未有的水平。

2.The stock market crash of 1929 marked the beginning of the Great Depression 大萧条.

1929年的股市崩盘标志着大萧条的开始。

3.Many families struggled to make ends meet during the Great Depression 大萧条.

在大萧条期间，许多家庭苦苦维持生计。

4.The Great Depression 大萧条 led to significant changes in economic policies worldwide.

大萧条导致全球经济政策发生了重大变化。

5.Artists and writers often depicted the struggles of the time during the Great Depression 大萧条.

艺术家和作家常常描绘在大萧条期间的挣扎。

作文

The term Great Depression refers to the severe worldwide economic downturn that took place during the 1930s. It was a period marked by extreme unemployment, widespread poverty, and significant declines in industrial production and international trade. The Great Depression began in the United States after the stock market crash on October 29, 1929, commonly known as Black Tuesday. This event triggered a chain reaction of financial failures and bank closures, leading to a drastic reduction in consumer spending and investment.As the Great Depression unfolded, millions of Americans lost their jobs, homes, and savings. Families were forced to adapt to new realities, often relying on soup kitchens and charitable organizations for basic necessities. The psychological impact was profound; individuals faced not only financial ruin but also a loss of dignity and hope. The Great Depression reshaped the American landscape, both physically and socially, as people migrated in search of work, often traveling to places like California in hopes of a better life.The effects of the Great Depression were not confined to the United States. Other countries experienced similar economic hardships, leading to global instability. Governments around the world struggled to respond effectively, and many resorted to protectionist policies that further exacerbated the crisis. International trade plummeted, and nations found themselves in a downward spiral of economic decline.In response to the Great Depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt implemented a series of programs and reforms known as the New Deal. These initiatives aimed to provide relief for the unemployed, stimulate economic recovery, and reform the financial system to prevent future crises. The New Deal included measures such as the establishment of Social Security, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), and various public works projects designed to create jobs.The Great Depression also had lasting impacts on economic theory and policy. Economists began to understand the importance of government intervention in stabilizing economies. John Maynard Keynes, a prominent economist, argued that during times of economic downturn, governments should increase spending to stimulate demand and pull economies out of recession. This idea has influenced economic policies in many countries since then.As the world moved into the late 1930s, signs of recovery began to emerge, but the scars left by the Great Depression remained. The experience shaped the values and attitudes of a generation, instilling a sense of caution regarding financial matters and a belief in the necessity of social safety nets. The Great Depression ultimately set the stage for significant changes in government roles and economic policies, paving the way for modern welfare states.In conclusion, the Great Depression was a pivotal moment in history that not only altered the economic landscape of the time but also transformed societal norms and government policies. Understanding this era is crucial for grasping the complexities of modern economics and the ongoing debates about the balance between government intervention and free-market principles. The legacy of the Great Depression continues to influence economic thought and policy decisions today.

“大萧条”一词指的是发生在20世纪30年代的严重全球经济衰退。这一时期的特征是极高的失业率、广泛的贫困以及工业生产和国际贸易的显著下降。“大萧条”始于1929年10月29日美国股市崩盘，即所谓的黑色星期二。此事件引发了一系列金融失败和银行倒闭，导致消费者支出和投资急剧减少。随着“大萧条”的展开，数百万美国人失去了工作、住房和储蓄。家庭被迫适应新的现实，常常依赖施舍和慈善机构来满足基本需求。心理上的影响是深远的；个人不仅面临经济破产，还失去了尊严和希望。“大萧条”重塑了美国的景观，无论是物理上还是社会上，人们为了寻找工作而迁移，常常前往加利福尼亚，希望能够过上更好的生活。“大萧条”的影响并不仅限于美国。其他国家也经历了类似的经济困境，导致全球不稳定。世界各国政府在有效应对方面苦苦挣扎，许多国家采取了保护主义政策，这进一步加剧了危机。国际贸易急剧下降，各国发现自己陷入了经济衰退的恶性循环。为应对“大萧条”，总统富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福实施了一系列称为新政的计划和改革。这些举措旨在为失业者提供救助，刺激经济复苏，并改革金融体系以防止未来的危机。新政包括建立社会保障、证券交易委员会（SEC）以及各种旨在创造就业机会的公共工程项目。“大萧条”还对经济理论和政策产生了持久影响。经济学家开始理解政府干预在稳定经济中的重要性。著名经济学家约翰·梅纳德·凯恩斯认为，在经济衰退时期，政府应增加支出来刺激需求，从而使经济走出衰退。这一思想自此影响了许多国家的经济政策。随着世界进入20世纪30年代末，复苏的迹象开始出现，但“大萧条”留下的伤痕依然存在。这段经历塑造了一代人的价值观和态度，使人们在财务问题上更加谨慎，并相信社会保障网的必要性。“大萧条”最终为政府角色和经济政策的重大变化奠定了基础，为现代福利国家铺平了道路。总之，“大萧条”是历史上的一个关键时刻，不仅改变了当时的经济格局，也转变了社会规范和政府政策。理解这一时代对于掌握现代经济的复杂性以及关于政府干预与自由市场原则之间平衡的持续辩论至关重要。“大萧条”的遗产至今仍在影响着经济思想和政策决策。