Giffen goods

简明释义

吉芬晶 收入补偿需求曲线

英英释义

例句

1.In economic theory, Giffen goods 吉芬商品 are known for their paradoxical behavior in demand when prices increase.

在经济理论中，Giffen goods 吉芬商品因其在价格上涨时需求的悖论行为而著称。

2.The concept of Giffen goods 吉芬商品 challenges traditional economic theories about consumer behavior.

Giffen goods 吉芬商品的概念挑战了关于消费者行为的传统经济理论。

3.If the price of a staple food like potatoes rises, and consumers buy more potatoes, it illustrates the nature of Giffen goods 吉芬商品.

如果像土豆这样的主食价格上涨，而消费者购买更多的土豆，这就说明了Giffen goods 吉芬商品的特性。

4.During a recession, basic staples like rice can become Giffen goods 吉芬商品 as consumers prioritize them over luxury items.

在经济衰退期间，像大米这样的基本食品可能成为Giffen goods 吉芬商品，因为消费者优先选择它们而非奢侈品。

5.When the price of bread rises, some people may buy more bread instead of other foods, making it a classic example of Giffen goods 吉芬商品.

当面包的价格上涨时，一些人可能会购买更多的面包而不是其他食物，这使其成为经典的Giffen goods 吉芬商品的例子。

作文

In the realm of economics, certain concepts challenge our traditional understanding of consumer behavior. One such concept is Giffen goods, which refers to a peculiar type of inferior good that experiences an increase in demand as its price rises, contrary to the basic law of demand. This phenomenon can be quite counterintuitive, as we typically assume that higher prices lead to lower demand. However, Giffen goods illustrate that this rule does not always hold true under specific circumstances.To understand Giffen goods, we must first explore the concept of inferior goods. Inferior goods are those for which demand increases when consumer incomes fall, and vice versa. They are often seen as lower-quality alternatives to more expensive products. For instance, consider staple foods such as bread and rice. When people have less money, they may buy more of these cheaper staples instead of more expensive items like meat or vegetables.The classic example of Giffen goods involves a staple food like bread during a period of economic hardship. Imagine a scenario where the price of bread rises significantly. For many low-income consumers, bread is a crucial part of their diet. As the price goes up, these consumers cannot afford to buy more expensive food options, such as meat. Therefore, they end up buying even more bread to fill their stomachs, despite its higher price. This situation leads to an increase in the quantity demanded of bread, illustrating the paradox of Giffen goods.The underlying reason for this behavior lies in the income effect and the substitution effect. The income effect refers to the change in consumption resulting from a change in real income. When the price of bread increases, consumers effectively feel poorer, leading them to substitute away from more expensive food options. The substitution effect, on the other hand, describes how consumers will replace more expensive goods with cheaper alternatives. In the case of Giffen goods, the income effect outweighs the substitution effect, causing demand for the inferior good to rise even as its price increases.It is important to note that Giffen goods are relatively rare in real-world markets. The conditions necessary for a product to be classified as a Giffen good are quite specific. There must be a strong reliance on the good as a staple item, and there should be limited availability of substitutes. Additionally, the good must be an inferior good, meaning that it is consumed more when income decreases. These factors combined create the unique scenario where the demand for a good increases even as its price does.In conclusion, Giffen goods present a fascinating challenge to our understanding of consumer behavior and market dynamics. They remind us that economic principles are not always straightforward and that real-world situations can produce unexpected results. By studying Giffen goods, economists gain valuable insights into how consumers make decisions under constraints, particularly in times of economic hardship. Understanding these dynamics can help policymakers design better strategies to address issues related to poverty and food security, ultimately leading to improved outcomes for vulnerable populations.

吉芬商品是经济学中的一个概念，指的是一种特殊的劣等商品，其需求随着价格的上涨而增加，这与基本的需求法则相悖。这个现象可能让人感到相当反直觉，因为我们通常认为价格越高，需求就会越低。然而，吉芬商品表明在特定情况下，这一规则并不总是成立。要理解吉芬商品，我们首先需要探讨劣等商品的概念。劣等商品是指当消费者收入下降时，其需求增加的商品，反之亦然。它们通常被视为比更昂贵产品质量较低的替代品。例如，考虑面包和大米等主食。当人们的钱变少时，他们可能会购买更多这些便宜的主食，而不是更昂贵的肉类或蔬菜。吉芬商品的经典例子涉及在经济困难时期的主食，如面包。想象一个场景，面包的价格大幅上涨。对于许多低收入消费者来说，面包是他们饮食中至关重要的一部分。随着价格上涨，这些消费者无法负担更昂贵的食品选项，如肉类。因此，他们最终购买更多的面包来填饱肚子，尽管其价格较高。这种情况导致面包的需求量增加，说明了吉芬商品的悖论。这种行为的根本原因在于收入效应和替代效应。收入效应是指由于实际收入变化而导致的消费变化。当面包的价格上涨时，消费者实际上感到更贫穷，从而导致他们替代掉更昂贵的食品选项。另一方面，替代效应描述的是消费者如何用更便宜的替代品取代更昂贵的商品。在吉芬商品的例子中，收入效应超过了替代效应，导致即使价格上涨，劣等商品的需求也增加。值得注意的是，吉芬商品在现实市场中相对稀少。将某种产品归类为吉芬商品所需的条件非常具体。必须强烈依赖该商品作为主食，并且替代品的可用性有限。此外，该商品必须是劣等商品，这意味着当收入减少时，其消费量会增加。这些因素结合在一起，创造了一个独特的场景，即即使价格上涨，商品的需求也会增加。总之，吉芬商品为我们理解消费者行为和市场动态提出了一个迷人的挑战。它们提醒我们，经济原则并不总是简单明了，现实世界的情况可能会产生意想不到的结果。通过研究吉芬商品，经济学家可以获得关于消费者在约束下如何做出决策的宝贵见解，特别是在经济困难时期。理解这些动态可以帮助政策制定者设计更好的策略，以解决与贫困和粮食安全相关的问题，最终改善脆弱群体的生活状况。