general equilibrium

简明释义

总体均衡

英英释义

例句

1.In economics, the concept of general equilibrium refers to a situation where supply and demand are balanced across all markets.

在经济学中，一般均衡的概念指的是所有市场的供需平衡的状态。

2.The study of general equilibrium can reveal the effects of changes in one market on others.

一般均衡的研究可以揭示一个市场变化对其他市场的影响。

3.The general equilibrium model helps economists understand how different markets interact with each other.

一般均衡模型帮助经济学家理解不同市场之间的相互作用。

4.To analyze policy impacts, we often rely on general equilibrium analysis.

为了分析政策影响，我们通常依赖于一般均衡分析。

5.A shift in consumer preferences can disrupt the general equilibrium in the economy.

消费者偏好的变化可能会扰乱经济中的一般均衡。

作文

The concept of general equilibrium is fundamental in economics, representing a state where supply and demand are balanced across all markets simultaneously. This theoretical framework helps economists understand how different factors interact within an economy. In a general equilibrium model, every market is interconnected; changes in one market can affect others, leading to a ripple effect throughout the economy. For instance, if the price of oil rises, it impacts transportation costs, which can lead to increased prices for goods and services across various sectors. Understanding general equilibrium requires a grasp of several key principles. First, the idea of market clearing is essential. In a perfectly competitive market, prices adjust to ensure that the quantity supplied equals the quantity demanded. When we extend this idea to general equilibrium, we consider not just one market but the entire economy. All markets must clear simultaneously, which is a complex but necessary condition for economic stability. Another important aspect of general equilibrium is the role of consumer preferences and production technologies. Consumers have varying tastes and preferences, which influence their purchasing decisions. Producers, on the other hand, have different capabilities and resources, affecting their production choices. The interaction between these two forces determines the allocation of resources in the economy. If consumers suddenly prefer electric cars over gasoline ones, producers will shift their resources to meet this new demand, illustrating the dynamic nature of general equilibrium.Moreover, the concept of general equilibrium goes beyond mere theory; it has practical implications for policy-making. Governments often intervene in markets to correct inefficiencies or to promote social welfare. Understanding how these interventions impact the overall economy requires an analysis of general equilibrium. For instance, if a government imposes a tax on sugary drinks, it may reduce consumption in that market, but it could also have broader effects on related markets like health care and agriculture.In addition, the general equilibrium framework can be applied to international trade. Countries engage in trade based on their comparative advantages, which leads to a more efficient allocation of resources globally. Changes in trade policies, tariffs, or global economic conditions can lead to shifts in production and consumption patterns, demonstrating the interconnectedness of economies under the general equilibrium model.Critics of the general equilibrium approach argue that it relies on assumptions that may not hold true in the real world, such as perfect competition and complete information. While these assumptions make the model mathematically tractable, they can oversimplify the complexities of human behavior and market dynamics. Despite these criticisms, general equilibrium remains a powerful analytical tool that provides valuable insights into how economies function.In conclusion, the concept of general equilibrium is crucial for understanding the intricate relationships between different markets and the overall economy. It highlights the importance of considering multiple factors when analyzing economic outcomes and emphasizes the interconnected nature of supply and demand. As economists continue to refine their models and incorporate real-world complexities, the relevance of general equilibrium in both theoretical and practical contexts will persist, guiding future research and policy decisions.

‘一般均衡’的概念在经济学中是基础，代表着所有市场同时供需平衡的状态。这一理论框架帮助经济学家理解不同因素在经济中的相互作用。在一个‘一般均衡’模型中，每个市场都是相互关联的；一个市场的变化可能会影响其他市场，从而在整个经济中引发连锁反应。例如，如果石油价格上涨，它会影响运输成本，这可能导致各个行业商品和服务价格的上涨。理解‘一般均衡’需要掌握几个关键原则。首先，市场清算的概念至关重要。在一个完全竞争的市场中，价格会调整以确保供给量等于需求量。当我们将这一概念扩展到‘一般均衡’时，我们考虑的不仅是一个市场，而是整个经济。所有市场必须同时清算，这是经济稳定所必需的复杂但必要的条件。‘一般均衡’的另一个重要方面是消费者偏好和生产技术的作用。消费者有不同的口味和偏好，这影响他们的购买决策。另一方面，生产者具有不同的能力和资源，影响他们的生产选择。这两种力量之间的互动决定了经济中资源的分配。如果消费者突然更喜欢电动汽车而不是汽油车，生产者将转移其资源以满足这一新需求，体现了‘一般均衡’的动态特性。此外，‘一般均衡’的概念不仅限于理论；它对政策制定有实际意义。政府经常干预市场以纠正低效或促进社会福利。理解这些干预措施如何影响整体经济需要对‘一般均衡’进行分析。例如，如果政府对含糖饮料征税，可能会减少该市场的消费，但也可能对健康护理和农业等相关市场产生更广泛的影响。此外，‘一般均衡’框架可以应用于国际贸易。国家根据比较优势进行贸易，从而在全球范围内实现资源的更有效配置。贸易政策、关税或全球经济条件的变化可能导致生产和消费模式的变化，展示了在‘一般均衡’模型下经济体的相互联系。批评者认为，‘一般均衡’方法依赖于一些在现实世界中可能不成立的假设，例如完全竞争和完全信息。虽然这些假设使得模型在数学上可处理，但它们可能简化人类行为和市场动态的复杂性。尽管存在这些批评，‘一般均衡’仍然是一个强大的分析工具，提供了对经济运作的有价值的见解。总之，‘一般均衡’的概念对于理解不同市场与整体经济之间错综复杂的关系至关重要。它强调在分析经济结果时考虑多个因素的重要性，并强调供需的相互关联性。随着经济学家继续完善他们的模型并纳入现实世界的复杂性，‘一般均衡’在理论和实践中的相关性将持续存在，为未来的研究和政策决策提供指导。