economic man

简明释义

经济人

英英释义

例句

1.In traditional economics, the concept of economic man (经济人) assumes that individuals act rationally to maximize their utility.

在传统经济学中，经济人的概念假设个人理性地行动以最大化他们的效用。

2.In public policy, understanding the economic man (经济人) can help design incentives that align with individual motivations.

在公共政策中，理解经济人可以帮助设计与个人动机相一致的激励措施。

3.The behavior of an economic man (经济人) is often modeled in game theory to predict outcomes in competitive environments.

在博弈论中，经济人的行为通常被建模以预测竞争环境中的结果。

4.Critics argue that the idea of an economic man (经济人) oversimplifies human behavior by ignoring emotional and social factors.

批评者认为，经济人的概念通过忽视情感和社会因素来过于简化人类行为。

5.Marketing strategies often target the economic man (经济人) by emphasizing cost-effectiveness and value for money.

营销策略通常通过强调成本效益和物有所值来针对经济人。

作文

The concept of economic man refers to a theoretical individual who acts rationally and makes decisions based on self-interest, aiming to maximize utility or profit. This idea is foundational in economics and helps to explain how individuals interact within markets. The economic man is often depicted as a perfectly rational being who has complete information about the market and can weigh all options before making a decision. However, this portrayal is somewhat simplistic and does not fully encompass the complexities of human behavior.In reality, people are influenced by various factors beyond mere self-interest. Emotions, social norms, and cognitive biases often play significant roles in decision-making. For instance, consider the concept of bounded rationality, which suggests that while individuals strive to make rational choices, their ability to do so is limited by the information they have and their cognitive limitations. This challenges the traditional view of the economic man and highlights the need to consider psychological and social dimensions in economic models.Moreover, the economic man is often criticized for being overly simplistic and not representative of actual human behavior. Critics argue that this model ignores altruism, fairness, and other motivations that drive human actions. For example, people often make sacrifices for their families, communities, or even strangers, which contradicts the notion of pure self-interest. This brings us to the importance of incorporating behavioral economics into our understanding of economic agents. Behavioral economics examines how psychological factors influence economic decisions, providing a more nuanced view that goes beyond the economic man model.Additionally, the economic man concept is also relevant in discussions about policy-making and welfare economics. Policymakers often assume that individuals will respond predictably to incentives, based on the economic man framework. However, if people do not behave as expected, policies may fail to achieve their intended outcomes. For instance, tax incentives designed to encourage saving may not work effectively if individuals prioritize immediate gratification over long-term benefits.In conclusion, while the idea of the economic man serves as a useful starting point for understanding economic behavior, it is crucial to recognize its limitations. Human beings are complex and often act in ways that deviate from the rational actor model. By integrating insights from psychology and sociology, we can develop a more comprehensive understanding of economic behavior that reflects the realities of human decision-making. Ultimately, moving beyond the simplistic notion of the economic man allows us to create better economic theories and policies that account for the diverse motivations and behaviors of real individuals.

“经济人”这一概念指的是一个理论上的个体，他以理性方式行事，并基于自身利益做出决策，旨在最大化效用或利润。这个理念在经济学中是基础性的，有助于解释个人在市场中的互动。“经济人”通常被描绘为一个完全理性的存在，他对市场有全面的信息，并能在做出决策之前权衡所有选项。然而，这种描绘有些过于简单，无法完全涵盖人类行为的复杂性。实际上，人们受到超越自我利益的各种因素的影响。情感、社会规范和认知偏见常常在决策中发挥重要作用。例如，有限理性这一概念表明，尽管个体努力做出理性的选择，但他们的能力受到所拥有信息和认知限制的制约。这挑战了传统的“经济人”观点，并强调在经济模型中考虑心理和社会维度的必要性。此外，“经济人”这一概念也常常受到批评，认为其过于简单，不能代表实际的人类行为。批评者认为，这一模型忽视了利他主义、公平以及推动人类行动的其他动机。例如，人们常常会为家庭、社区甚至陌生人作出牺牲，这与纯粹自我利益的概念相悖。这使我们认识到将行为经济学融入对经济主体理解的重要性。行为经济学研究心理因素如何影响经济决策，提供了一种超越“经济人”模型的更细致的视角。此外，“经济人”概念在政策制定和福利经济学讨论中也具有相关性。政策制定者往往假设个体会根据“经济人”框架对激励作出可预测的反应。然而，如果人们的行为与预期不符，政策可能无法实现其预期的结果。例如，旨在鼓励储蓄的税收激励措施可能不会有效运作，如果个体优先考虑即时满足而非长期利益。总之，虽然“经济人”的概念为理解经济行为提供了一个有用的起点，但重要的是要认识到它的局限性。人类是复杂的，常常以偏离理性行为者模型的方式行事。通过整合心理学和社会学的见解，我们可以发展出一种更全面的经济行为理解，反映人类决策的现实。最终，超越“经济人”这一简单概念，使我们能够创造出更好的经济理论和政策，以考虑真实个体多样的动机和行为。