command economy

简明释义

指令经济

英英释义

例句

1.Countries like North Korea operate under a strict command economy system.

像北朝鲜这样的国家在严格的指令经济体系下运作。

2.In a command economy, consumer choices are often limited.

在指令经济中，消费者的选择往往受到限制。

3.A command economy can lead to inefficiencies due to lack of competition.

由于缺乏竞争，指令经济可能导致低效。

4.During the Soviet era, the USSR was known for its command economy approach.

在苏联时代，苏联以其指令经济模式而闻名。

5.In a command economy, the government makes all the decisions about production and distribution.

在指令经济中，政府对生产和分配做出所有决策。

作文

A command economy is an economic system where the government has significant control over the production and distribution of goods and services. In such a system, the state makes all the decisions regarding what to produce, how to produce it, and for whom to produce. This is in stark contrast to a market economy, where these decisions are predominantly made by individuals and businesses based on supply and demand. The concept of a command economy is often associated with socialist or communist states, where the government aims to eliminate private property and redistribute wealth among the population.One of the main features of a command economy is the absence of competition. Since the government controls all aspects of the economy, there are typically no private enterprises competing for market share. This can lead to inefficiencies, as there is little incentive for innovation or improvement in quality. For instance, in a typical command economy, a factory may be tasked with producing a certain number of goods regardless of consumer demand. As a result, there may be surpluses of unwanted products or shortages of needed items, leading to dissatisfaction among the populace.Moreover, a command economy often faces challenges related to resource allocation. The central planners may not have access to accurate information about the needs and wants of the people, which can result in poor decision-making. For example, if the government decides to allocate a large portion of resources to heavy industry, but the population requires more consumer goods, this disconnect can lead to social unrest and economic instability.Despite these drawbacks, proponents of a command economy argue that it can lead to more equitable distribution of resources. By eliminating the profit motive, the government can focus on ensuring that everyone has access to basic necessities. This was particularly evident in the early years of the Soviet Union, where the government prioritized education, healthcare, and housing for its citizens. However, over time, the inefficiencies and lack of motivation within the system often led to stagnation and decline.In recent years, some countries that were previously characterized by a command economy have begun transitioning towards a more market-oriented approach. China, for example, has implemented significant economic reforms since the late 20th century, allowing for greater private enterprise and foreign investment while still maintaining a strong governmental presence in key industries. This hybrid model has led to rapid economic growth and improved living standards for many citizens.In conclusion, a command economy is a centralized economic system where the government exerts control over production and distribution. While it aims to promote equality and eliminate the excesses of capitalism, it often struggles with inefficiencies and resource allocation issues. As seen in various historical contexts, the effectiveness of a command economy can vary greatly depending on the specific implementation and the adaptability of the system to changing economic conditions. Understanding the dynamics of a command economy is essential for analyzing the broader implications of government involvement in economic affairs.

一个计划经济是一个经济系统，在这个系统中，政府对商品和服务的生产与分配有显著控制。在这样的系统中，国家决定生产什么、如何生产以及为谁生产。这与市场经济形成鲜明对比，后者的决策主要由个人和企业根据供需关系来做出。计划经济的概念通常与社会主义或共产主义国家相关联，这些国家旨在消除私有制并在人民之间重新分配财富。计划经济的主要特点之一是缺乏竞争。由于政府控制经济的所有方面，通常没有私人企业争夺市场份额。这可能导致低效，因为几乎没有创新或质量改善的动力。例如，在典型的计划经济中，一个工厂可能被指派生产一定数量的商品，而不考虑消费者的需求。因此，可能会出现不需要产品的过剩或所需物品的短缺，从而导致民众的不满。此外，计划经济通常面临资源分配相关的挑战。中央计划者可能无法获得有关人民需求和愿望的准确信息，这可能导致决策失误。例如，如果政府决定将大量资源分配给重工业，而人口却更需要消费品，这种脱节可能导致社会动荡和经济不稳定。尽管存在这些缺点，计划经济的支持者认为，它可以导致资源的更公平分配。通过消除利润动机，政府可以专注于确保每个人都能获得基本生活必需品。这在苏联早期尤为明显，当时政府优先考虑公民的教育、医疗和住房。然而，随着时间的推移，系统内的低效率和缺乏动力往往导致停滞和衰退。近年来，一些之前以计划经济为特征的国家开始向更市场导向的方法过渡。例如，中国自20世纪末以来实施了重大经济改革，允许更多的私人企业和外国投资，同时在关键产业中保持强大的政府存在。这种混合模式导致了快速的经济增长和许多公民生活水平的提高。总之，计划经济是一种集中经济系统，政府对生产和分配施加控制。虽然它旨在促进平等并消除资本主义的过度现象，但它常常面临低效率和资源分配问题。正如在各种历史背景中看到的，计划经济的有效性在于具体实施和系统对经济条件变化的适应能力。理解计划经济的动态对于分析政府参与经济事务的更广泛影响至关重要。