Bretton Woods system

简明释义

布雷顿森林体系

英英释义

例句

1.After World War II, countries agreed to the principles of the Bretton Woods system 布雷顿森林体系 to promote economic cooperation.

二战后，各国同意遵守布雷顿森林体系 Bretton Woods system 的原则，以促进经济合作。

2.Many economists argue that the Bretton Woods system 布雷顿森林体系 provided stability in international currency exchange rates.

许多经济学家认为，布雷顿森林体系 Bretton Woods system 为国际货币汇率提供了稳定性。

3.The fixed exchange rate system of the Bretton Woods system 布雷顿森林体系 helped reduce volatility in trade.

在布雷顿森林体系 Bretton Woods system 下，固定汇率制度有助于减少贸易中的波动性。

4.The establishment of the International Monetary Fund was a key feature of the Bretton Woods system 布雷顿森林体系.

国际货币基金组织的建立是布雷顿森林体系 Bretton Woods system 的一个关键特点。

5.The collapse of the Bretton Woods system 布雷顿森林体系 in the 1970s led to significant changes in global finance.

1970年代，布雷顿森林体系 Bretton Woods system 的崩溃导致全球金融发生重大变化。

作文

The Bretton Woods system was a landmark agreement established in 1944 during a conference held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire. This system aimed to create a framework for international economic cooperation and stability after the devastation of World War II. The primary goal was to promote global economic growth and prevent the kind of competitive devaluations that had contributed to the Great Depression. The Bretton Woods system established fixed exchange rates between currencies, which were pegged to the U.S. dollar, itself convertible to gold at a fixed rate of $35 an ounce. This arrangement provided a level of stability in international trade and investment, allowing countries to plan their economic policies with greater certainty.One of the key institutions created as a result of the Bretton Woods system was the International Monetary Fund (IMF), which was designed to oversee the international monetary system and provide financial assistance to countries facing balance of payments problems. Another significant institution was the World Bank, which aimed to provide financial and technical assistance for development projects in poorer countries. Together, these institutions played a critical role in facilitating international trade and investment, helping to rebuild war-torn economies and promote economic development across the globe.The Bretton Woods system operated effectively for several decades, contributing to unprecedented levels of economic growth and stability in the post-war period. However, by the late 1960s and early 1970s, the system began to face significant challenges. The increasing costs of the Vietnam War, coupled with rising inflation in the United States, put pressure on the U.S. dollar. As more countries began to convert their dollar reserves into gold, the fixed exchange rate system became increasingly untenable.In 1971, President Richard Nixon announced a series of measures that effectively ended the convertibility of the dollar into gold, marking the collapse of the Bretton Woods system. This shift led to the adoption of floating exchange rates, where currencies are valued based on supply and demand in the market rather than being pegged to a specific value. Though the end of the Bretton Woods system marked a significant change in the global economic landscape, the institutions created during this period, such as the IMF and the World Bank, continue to play vital roles in the international economy today.In conclusion, the Bretton Woods system was instrumental in shaping the post-war global economy. Its establishment of fixed exchange rates and the creation of key financial institutions helped to foster economic stability and growth in a time of uncertainty. While the system ultimately faced challenges that led to its demise, its legacy continues to influence international economic policies and practices. Understanding the Bretton Woods system is essential for grasping the complexities of modern global finance and the interconnectedness of economies around the world.

布雷顿森林体系是1944年在新罕布什尔州布雷顿森林举行的会议上建立的一项具有里程碑意义的协议。该体系旨在为第二次世界大战后国际经济合作与稳定建立框架，其主要目标是促进全球经济增长，防止导致大萧条的竞争性贬值。布雷顿森林体系建立了固定汇率制，各国货币与美元挂钩，而美元则按照每盎司35美元的固定价格可兑换黄金。这一安排为国际贸易和投资提供了一定程度的稳定，使各国能够更有把握地规划其经济政策。作为布雷顿森林体系结果之一，国际货币基金组织（IMF）应运而生，旨在监督国际货币体系，并为面临国际收支问题的国家提供财政援助。另一个重要机构是世界银行，其目标是为贫困国家的发展项目提供财政和技术援助。这些机构共同在促进国际贸易和投资、帮助重建战后经济、推动全球经济发展方面发挥了关键作用。布雷顿森林体系有效运行了数十年，为战后时期前所未有的经济增长和稳定做出了贡献。然而，到20世纪60年代末和70年代初，该体系开始面临重大挑战。越南战争的不断加大开支，加上美国国内通货膨胀的上升，给美元施加了压力。随着越来越多的国家开始将其美元储备兑换成黄金，固定汇率制度变得越来越难以维持。1971年，理查德·尼克松总统宣布一系列措施，实际上结束了美元与黄金的可兑换性，标志着布雷顿森林体系的崩溃。这一转变导致了浮动汇率的采用，货币的价值基于市场的供求关系，而不是固定在特定的价值上。尽管布雷顿森林体系的终结标志着全球经济格局的重大变化，但在这一时期创建的机构，如国际货币基金组织和世界银行，至今仍在国际经济中发挥着重要作用。总之，布雷顿森林体系在塑造战后全球经济方面发挥了重要作用。它建立的固定汇率和关键金融机构的创建，帮助在不确定时期促进了经济稳定与增长。虽然该体系最终面临导致其衰亡的挑战，但其遗产继续影响着国际经济政策和实践。理解布雷顿森林体系对于掌握现代全球金融的复杂性及世界各国经济之间的相互联系至关重要。