aggregate demand

简明释义

总需求量

英英释义

例句

1.The government is implementing new policies to boost aggregate demand (总需求) in the economy.

政府正在实施新政策以刺激经济中的总需求。

2.Fiscal stimulus can effectively increase aggregate demand (总需求) during economic downturns.

财政刺激可以有效地在经济低迷时期增加总需求。

3.An increase in consumer confidence typically leads to higher aggregate demand (总需求).

消费者信心的提高通常会导致总需求的增加。

4.During a recession, aggregate demand (总需求) often falls, leading to higher unemployment rates.

在经济衰退期间，总需求往往下降，导致失业率上升。

5.Central banks monitor aggregate demand (总需求) to determine monetary policy adjustments.

中央银行监测总需求以决定货币政策调整。

作文

Understanding the concept of aggregate demand is crucial for anyone interested in economics. It refers to the total demand for all goods and services in an economy at a given price level and within a specified period. The aggregate demand curve typically slopes downward, indicating that as prices fall, the quantity of goods and services demanded increases. This relationship can be attributed to three primary effects: the wealth effect, the interest rate effect, and the exchange rate effect.The wealth effect suggests that when prices decrease, consumers feel wealthier because their purchasing power increases. As a result, they are likely to spend more, leading to an increase in aggregate demand. The interest rate effect states that lower prices may lead to lower interest rates, which encourages borrowing and spending by both consumers and businesses. Lastly, the exchange rate effect posits that a decrease in domestic prices makes exports cheaper for foreign buyers, potentially increasing the quantity of goods demanded from the domestic market.Several factors can influence aggregate demand, including consumer confidence, fiscal policy, and monetary policy. For instance, when consumers are optimistic about the future, they are more likely to spend money, thus boosting aggregate demand. Conversely, if consumers are uncertain or pessimistic, they may save rather than spend, leading to a decrease in aggregate demand.Fiscal policy, which involves government spending and taxation, also plays a significant role in shaping aggregate demand. For example, a government might increase spending on infrastructure projects, which directly injects money into the economy and raises aggregate demand. Similarly, tax cuts can leave consumers with more disposable income, encouraging them to spend more.Monetary policy, managed by central banks, affects aggregate demand through changes in interest rates and the money supply. Lowering interest rates makes borrowing cheaper, which can stimulate spending and investment. On the other hand, if a central bank raises interest rates to combat inflation, it could dampen aggregate demand as borrowing costs rise.In conclusion, aggregate demand is a fundamental concept in economics that reflects the total demand for goods and services in an economy. Understanding the factors that influence aggregate demand is essential for analyzing economic performance and formulating effective policies. By recognizing how consumer behavior, government actions, and monetary policy intersect, one can gain valuable insights into the dynamics of economic growth and stability.

理解总需求的概念对于任何对经济学感兴趣的人来说都是至关重要的。它指的是在特定价格水平和指定时间内，经济中所有商品和服务的总需求。总需求曲线通常向下倾斜，这表明随着价格下降，所需商品和服务的数量会增加。这种关系可以归因于三个主要效应：财富效应、利率效应和汇率效应。财富效应表明，当价格下降时，消费者会感到更富有，因为他们的购买力增加。因此，他们可能会花费更多，从而导致总需求的增加。利率效应指出，较低的价格可能导致较低的利率，这鼓励消费者和企业借款和消费。最后，汇率效应认为，国内价格的下降使得出口对外国买家更便宜，从而可能增加对国内市场商品的需求量。多种因素可以影响总需求，包括消费者信心、财政政策和货币政策。例如，当消费者对未来持乐观态度时，他们更有可能花钱，从而推动总需求的增长。相反，如果消费者不确定或悲观，他们可能会选择储蓄而不是消费，从而导致总需求的减少。财政政策涉及政府的支出和税收，也在塑造总需求中发挥着重要作用。例如，政府可能会增加基础设施项目的支出，这直接将资金注入经济并提高总需求。同样，减税可以使消费者拥有更多可支配收入，鼓励他们消费更多。货币政策由中央银行管理，通过改变利率和货币供应量影响总需求。降低利率使借款变得更便宜，这可以刺激消费和投资。另一方面，如果中央银行提高利率以应对通货膨胀，借款成本上升可能会抑制总需求。总之，总需求是经济学中的一个基本概念，反映了经济中商品和服务的总需求。理解影响总需求的因素对于分析经济表现和制定有效政策至关重要。通过认识到消费者行为、政府行动和货币政策如何交叉作用，人们可以深入了解经济增长和稳定的动态。