white lead

简明释义

铅白

英英释义

例句

1.The artist decided to use white lead (白铅) for the base of her painting to achieve a brighter finish.

这位艺术家决定使用白铅（白铅）作为她画作的底色，以获得更亮的效果。

2.In the past, many painters preferred white lead (白铅) due to its opacity and durability.

过去，许多画家更喜欢使用白铅（白铅），因为它的不透明性和耐用性。

3.Due to health concerns, many artists have moved away from using white lead (白铅) in their work.

由于健康问题，许多艺术家已不再在作品中使用白铅（白铅）。

4.The painter explained that white lead (白铅) provides excellent coverage for underpainting.

画家解释说，白铅（白铅）为底层绘画提供了极好的覆盖力。

5.The restoration team used white lead (白铅) to touch up the historical mural.

修复团队使用白铅（白铅）来修补历史壁画。

作文

The use of pigments in art has a long and fascinating history, with various materials being favored for their unique properties. One such pigment that has been widely used since ancient times is white lead, known scientifically as lead(II) carbonate. Artists and painters valued white lead for its brilliant whiteness and excellent covering power, making it an ideal choice for creating vibrant highlights and ensuring the opacity of other colors. However, the use of white lead comes with significant health risks due to the toxicity of lead. This essay explores the historical significance of white lead, its applications in art, and the implications of its toxicity.Historically, white lead was produced by a process called 'lead white' or 'Dutch process,' which involved exposing lead sheets to vinegar and carbon dioxide. This method created a fine white powder that was easy to mix with oils and other mediums. The popularity of white lead surged during the Renaissance, where it became a staple in the palettes of many renowned artists, including Vermeer and Rembrandt. Its ability to create luminous whites and its versatility in mixing made it a favorite among painters.Despite its aesthetic advantages, the dangers associated with white lead have been known for centuries. Chronic exposure to lead can lead to severe health issues, including neurological damage, kidney problems, and reproductive harm. Painters and artisans who worked with white lead often experienced symptoms of lead poisoning, which were sometimes misattributed to other causes. As awareness of these health risks grew, many artists began to seek safer alternatives to white lead. By the 19th century, new synthetic pigments emerged that offered similar properties without the toxic effects.In modern times, the use of white lead has been largely abandoned in favor of non-toxic substitutes. Artists now have access to a wide range of white pigments, such as titanium dioxide and zinc oxide, which provide excellent coverage and safety. Nevertheless, white lead remains a topic of interest for art historians and conservators, as many historical artworks contain this pigment. Understanding the composition and degradation of white lead is crucial for the preservation of these pieces.In conclusion, white lead played a significant role in the history of art, offering unique qualities that made it highly sought after by artists throughout the ages. However, the health risks associated with its use cannot be overlooked. As we continue to study and appreciate the art of the past, it is essential to recognize the implications of using materials like white lead and to prioritize safety in artistic practices today. The transition from white lead to safer alternatives marks an important evolution in the field of art materials, reflecting a growing awareness of health and environmental concerns.

颜料在艺术史上有着悠久而迷人的历史，各种材料因其独特的特性而受到青睐。其中一种自古以来广泛使用的颜料是白铅，科学上称为铅(II)碳酸盐。艺术家和画家重视白铅的亮白色和优良的遮盖力，使其成为创造生动高光和确保其他颜色不透明的理想选择。然而，由于铅的毒性，使用白铅带来了显著的健康风险。本文探讨了白铅的历史重要性、在艺术中的应用以及其毒性的影响。历史上，白铅通过一种称为“铅白”或“荷兰工艺”的过程生产，该过程涉及将铅片暴露于醋和二氧化碳中。这种方法产生了一种细腻的白色粉末，易于与油和其他媒介混合。白铅的受欢迎程度在文艺复兴时期激增，成为许多著名艺术家的调色板中的主食，包括维米尔和伦勃朗。它能够创造出明亮的白色，并且在混合时的多功能性使其成为画家的最爱。尽管具有美学优势，但与白铅相关的危险已知几个世纪。长期接触铅会导致严重的健康问题，包括神经损伤、肾脏问题和生殖危害。与白铅合作的画家和工匠常常经历铅中毒的症状，这些症状有时被错误归因于其他原因。随着对这些健康风险的认识不断提高，许多艺术家开始寻求安全的替代品。到19世纪，新的合成颜料出现，提供了类似的特性而没有毒性影响。在现代，使用白铅在很大程度上被抛弃，取而代之的是无毒的替代品。艺术家现在可以使用一系列白色颜料，如二氧化钛和氧化锌，这些颜料提供了优良的覆盖力和安全性。然而，白铅仍然是艺术历史学家和保护者关注的话题，因为许多历史艺术作品中含有这种颜料。理解白铅的成分和降解对于保护这些作品至关重要。总之，白铅在艺术史上扮演了重要角色，提供了独特的品质，使其在各个时代的艺术家中备受追捧。然而，使用它所带来的健康风险不容忽视。当我们继续研究和欣赏过去的艺术时，必须认识到使用像白铅这样的材料的影响，并优先考虑当今艺术实践的安全性。从白铅到更安全替代品的过渡标志着艺术材料领域的重要演变，反映了对健康和环境问题日益增长的认识。