thermal neutron

简明释义

热中子

英英释义

例句

1.The efficiency of a reactor can be increased by moderating fast neutrons into thermal neutrons (热中子).

通过将快中子减速为热中子（热中子），可以提高反应堆的效率。

2.The presence of thermal neutrons (热中子) in a material can indicate its potential for nuclear reactions.

材料中存在的热中子（热中子）可以指示其进行核反应的潜力。

3.Most neutron activation analysis techniques rely on the capture of thermal neutrons (热中子) by the sample material.

大多数中子活化分析技术依赖于样品材料对热中子（热中子）的捕获。

4.In radiation therapy, thermal neutrons (热中子) can be used to target cancer cells more effectively.

在放射治疗中，热中子（热中子）可以更有效地靶向癌细胞。

5.In nuclear reactors, the fission process is often initiated by a thermal neutron (热中子) interacting with uranium-235.

在核反应堆中，裂变过程通常是通过与铀-235相互作用的热中子（热中子）来启动的。

作文

In the realm of nuclear physics, understanding the behavior of neutrons is crucial for various applications, including nuclear reactors and medical technologies. Among the different types of neutrons, the term thermal neutron refers to neutrons that are in thermal equilibrium with their surrounding environment. This means that these neutrons have relatively low kinetic energy, typically around 0.025 eV at room temperature. The significance of thermal neutrons lies in their ability to interact with atomic nuclei, making them essential in sustaining nuclear reactions, particularly in fission processes.The concept of thermal neutrons can be better understood by comparing them to fast neutrons, which possess much higher energy levels. Fast neutrons are generated during nuclear reactions and have energies exceeding 1 MeV. However, in many nuclear applications, such as in thermal reactors, it is the thermal neutrons that are predominantly used. Their lower energy facilitates a higher probability of interaction with fissile materials like Uranium-235 or Plutonium-239, leading to a more controlled and sustained chain reaction.One of the key processes that enhance the efficacy of thermal neutrons in reactors is moderation. Moderators, such as water, heavy water, or graphite, are used to slow down fast neutrons to thermal speeds. This moderation process is vital because it increases the likelihood of neutrons being captured by the fuel nuclei, thus promoting the fission process. In thermal reactors, the presence of a moderator is essential, as it allows for a more efficient use of nuclear fuel and produces less radioactive waste compared to fast reactors.Moreover, the interaction of thermal neutrons with materials is not limited to fission. These neutrons can also be utilized in neutron activation analysis, a technique used to determine the composition of materials. When a sample is exposed to thermal neutrons, certain isotopes within the sample may capture the neutrons and become radioactive. By measuring the emitted gamma rays from these isotopes, scientists can identify and quantify the elements present in the sample. This technique has applications in various fields, including archaeology, geology, and environmental science.In the medical field, thermal neutrons play a role in neutron capture therapy, a type of cancer treatment. In this therapy, patients are administered boron compounds that preferentially accumulate in cancer cells. When these cells are exposed to thermal neutrons, the boron captures the neutrons and undergoes a nuclear reaction, resulting in the release of high-energy alpha particles that destroy the cancer cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. This targeted approach highlights the potential of thermal neutrons in advancing cancer treatment methodologies.In conclusion, the study of thermal neutrons is fundamental to both theoretical and applied nuclear physics. Their unique properties enable a wide range of applications, from sustaining nuclear fission reactions in power plants to innovative medical therapies. As research continues to evolve, the understanding and utilization of thermal neutrons will likely lead to further advancements in technology and healthcare, showcasing their importance in modern science.

在核物理学领域，理解中子行为对于各种应用至关重要，包括核反应堆和医学技术。在不同类型的中子中，术语热中子指的是与周围环境处于热平衡状态的中子。这意味着这些中子具有相对较低的动能，通常在室温下约为0.025电子伏特。热中子的重要性在于它们与原子核的相互作用能力，使其在维持核反应中至关重要，尤其是在裂变过程中。通过将热中子与快中子进行比较，可以更好地理解这一概念。快中子的能量水平要高得多，通常在1 MeV以上。然而，在许多核应用中，例如在热反应堆中，主要使用的是热中子。它们较低的能量促进了与铀-235或钚-239等裂变材料的相互作用概率，从而导致更可控和持续的链式反应。增强热中子在反应堆中效能的关键过程之一是减速。减速剂，如水、重水或石墨，用于将快中子减速到热速度。这个减速过程至关重要，因为它增加了中子被燃料核捕获的可能性，从而促进裂变过程。在热反应堆中，减速剂的存在是必不可少的，因为它使核燃料的利用更加高效，并且与快反应堆相比，产生的放射性废物更少。此外，热中子与材料的相互作用不仅限于裂变。这些中子还可以用于中子激活分析，这是一种用于确定材料成分的技术。当样品暴露于热中子时，样品中的某些同位素可能会捕获中子并变得放射性。通过测量这些同位素发出的伽马射线，科学家可以识别和量化样品中存在的元素。这项技术在考古学、地质学和环境科学等多个领域都有应用。在医学领域，热中子在中子捕获疗法中发挥了作用，这是一种癌症治疗方法。在这种疗法中，患者被给予优先积累在癌细胞中的硼化合物。当这些细胞暴露于热中子时，硼会捕获中子并发生核反应，释放出高能α粒子，摧毁癌细胞，同时保护周围的健康组织。这种靶向方法突显了热中子在推动癌症治疗方法中的潜力。总之，研究热中子对理论和应用核物理学至关重要。它们独特的性质使其能够广泛应用，从在电厂中维持核裂变反应到创新的医疗疗法。随着研究的不断发展，对热中子的理解和利用可能会进一步推动技术和医疗保健的进步，展示它们在现代科学中的重要性。