nitriles

简明释义

英[ˈnaɪtraɪlz]美[ˈnaɪtraɪlz]

腈类

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Also the hydrogenation of nitriles has been investigated.

此外还研究了腈类的加氢反应。

2.OBJECTIVE: To improve the synthesis of aromatic nitriles.

目的：改进芳香腈的合成方法。

3.The enzyme could accept aromatic or aliphatic nitriles, unsaturated or unsaturated nitriles as substrates with high enantioselectivity.

该酶对芳香族腈、脂肪族腈、饱和腈与不饱和腈均能作用，并具有较好的对映体选择性。

4.Photolysis of N-methoxyimidoyl bromides leads to formation of the corresponding nitriles without affecting functional groups sensitive to ordinary dehydrating and halogenating reagents, in high yield.

光解N-甲氧基偕溴代亚胺化合物以高产率获得相应的腈，并在转变过程中小影响对常见脱水剂和卤化剂敏感的官能团。

5.The effect of reaction temperature, reaction pressure, catalyst concentration, ammonia circulation rate, condensing temperature on fatty nitriles reaction rate, yield, energy demand are discussed.

讨论反应温度、反应压力、催化剂的浓度、氨循环速率、冷凝温度对脂肪晴的反应速率、得率、能量消耗的影响。

6.Nitriles were obtained from aldehydes through oxidation of in situ formed the corresponding aldimines using tetrabutylammonium tribromide (TBATB).

以醛为底物，通过四丁基三溴化铵(TBATB)氧化原位生成的亚胺转化为氰基化产物。

7.Nitriles are central intermediates in organic synthesis since they can be readily prepared by a number of methods and undergo further transformations into other functional groups.

腈化物是有机合成中的重要中间体，因为其中的氰基可以通过多种方法引入，又能进一步转化成其它官能团。

8.Photolysis of N-methoxyimidoyl bromides leads to formation of the corresponding nitriles without affecting functional groups sensitive to ordinary dehydrating and halogenating reagents, in high yield.

光解N-甲氧基偕溴代亚胺化合物以高产率获得相应的腈，并在转变过程中小影响对常见脱水剂和卤化剂敏感的官能团。

9.The toxicity of some nitriles 腈 necessitates careful handling in the laboratory.

某些nitriles 腈的毒性要求在实验室中小心处理。

10.In organic chemistry, nitriles 腈 can be converted into carboxylic acids through hydrolysis.

在有机化学中，nitriles 腈可以通过水解转化为羧酸。

11.The synthesis of various pharmaceuticals often involves the use of nitriles 腈 as key intermediates.

合成各种药物通常涉及将nitriles 腈作为关键中间体。

12.The presence of nitriles 腈 in the reaction mixture indicates that the reaction is proceeding correctly.

反应混合物中存在nitriles 腈表明反应正在正确进行。

13.Many synthetic routes to amino acids involve nitriles 腈 as starting materials.

许多氨基酸的合成路线涉及将nitriles 腈作为起始材料。

作文

Nitriles are a fascinating class of organic compounds characterized by the presence of a cyano group, which consists of a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom. This unique structure gives nitriles (腈) their distinctive properties and makes them valuable in various chemical applications. In this essay, I will explore the significance of nitriles (腈) in organic chemistry, their synthesis, and their uses in industrial processes.The importance of nitriles (腈) in organic chemistry cannot be overstated. They serve as versatile intermediates in the synthesis of numerous pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and other fine chemicals. The cyano group is highly reactive, allowing for further transformations that can lead to the formation of amines, carboxylic acids, and other functional groups. This reactivity makes nitriles (腈) essential building blocks in the development of complex molecules.One of the most common methods for synthesizing nitriles (腈) is through the reaction of alkyl halides with sodium cyanide. This nucleophilic substitution reaction results in the formation of a nitrile (腈) while releasing a halide ion. Another method involves the dehydration of primary amides, which can produce nitriles (腈) under specific conditions. The ability to create nitriles (腈) from various precursors makes them highly accessible for chemists working in both academic and industrial settings.In addition to their role as intermediates, nitriles (腈) have a wide range of applications across different industries. For instance, they are used in the production of synthetic fibers, such as acrylonitrile, which is a key component in the manufacture of materials like acrylic glass and textiles. Furthermore, nitriles (腈) play a crucial role in the synthesis of certain plastics, elastomers, and resins, contributing to the development of advanced materials that are lightweight and durable.Moreover, nitriles (腈) are also significant in the field of medicinal chemistry. Several pharmaceutical compounds incorporate nitriles (腈) in their structures, which can enhance their biological activity. For example, some anticancer drugs and antiviral agents feature nitriles (腈) as part of their molecular framework, demonstrating the importance of this functional group in drug design.Despite their many benefits, it is essential to handle nitriles (腈) with care due to their potential toxicity. Some nitriles (腈) can release toxic gases upon hydrolysis or combustion, making proper safety protocols crucial during their synthesis and application. Researchers and industry professionals must always prioritize safety when working with these compounds to prevent accidents and environmental harm.In conclusion, nitriles (腈) are an integral part of organic chemistry and have a wide array of applications in various fields. Their unique structure and reactivity allow chemists to use them as versatile intermediates in the synthesis of complex molecules. From pharmaceuticals to industrial materials, nitriles (腈) play a vital role in advancing technology and improving our quality of life. As research continues to uncover new uses and methods for synthesizing nitriles (腈), their significance in the chemical industry is likely to grow even further.

腈是一类有机化合物，以氰基团的存在为特征，该氰基团由一个与氮原子三重键结合的碳原子组成。这种独特的结构赋予了腈（nitriles）其独特的性质，使其在各种化学应用中具有价值。在这篇文章中，我将探讨腈（nitriles）在有机化学中的重要性、其合成以及在工业过程中的应用。腈（nitriles）在有机化学中的重要性不容小觑。它们作为众多药物、农用化学品和其他精细化学品合成的多功能中间体。氰基团的反应性很强，允许进一步转化，形成胺、羧酸和其他官能团。这种反应性使得腈（nitriles）成为开发复杂分子的基本构件。合成腈（nitriles）的最常见方法之一是通过卤代烷与氰化钠的反应。这种亲核取代反应导致了腈（nitriles）的形成，同时释放出卤素离子。另一种方法涉及初级酰胺的脱水，在特定条件下也可以产生腈（nitriles）。从各种前体合成腈（nitriles）的能力使其对在学术界和工业界工作的化学家来说极具可及性。除了作为中间体的角色外，腈（nitriles）在各个行业也有广泛的应用。例如，它们用于合成纤维的生产，如丙烯腈，这是制造亚克力玻璃和纺织品等材料的关键成分。此外，腈（nitriles）在某些塑料、弹性体和树脂的合成中也发挥着至关重要的作用，促进了轻质耐用的先进材料的发展。此外，腈（nitriles）在药物化学领域也具有重要意义。一些药物化合物在其结构中包含腈（nitriles），这可以增强其生物活性。例如，一些抗癌药物和抗病毒剂的分子框架中就包含腈（nitriles），这表明这一官能团在药物设计中的重要性。尽管有许多好处，但处理腈（nitriles）时必须小心，因为它们可能具有毒性。一些腈（nitriles）在水解或燃烧时可以释放出有毒气体，因此在其合成和应用过程中，制定适当的安全规程至关重要。研究人员和行业专业人士在处理这些化合物时必须始终优先考虑安全，以防止事故和环境危害。总之，腈（nitriles）是有机化学的重要组成部分，在各个领域有广泛的应用。它们独特的结构和反应性使化学家能够将其用作合成复杂分子的多功能中间体。从药物到工业材料，腈（nitriles）在推动技术进步和改善我们的生活质量方面发挥着至关重要的作用。随着研究不断揭示腈（nitriles）的新用途和合成方法，它们在化学工业中的重要性可能会进一步增长。