outer electron

简明释义

外层电子

英英释义

例句

1.When an atom gains or loses an outer electron 外层电子, it becomes an ion.

当一个原子获得或失去一个外层电子 外层电子时，它就会变成离子。

2.The chemical properties of an element are largely determined by its outer electron 外层电子 configuration.

一个元素的化学性质在很大程度上由其外层电子 外层电子配置决定。

3.The reactivity of alkali metals is due to their single outer electron 外层电子 which is easily lost.

碱金属的反应性是由于它们的单个外层电子 外层电子容易丢失。

4.In metals, the outer electron 外层电子 can move freely, contributing to electrical conductivity.

在金属中，外层电子 外层电子可以自由移动，从而促进电导性。

5.The outer electron 外层电子 is involved in bonding with other atoms.

该外层电子 外层电子参与与其他原子的结合。

作文

The concept of the outer electron plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of atoms and the formation of chemical bonds. An outer electron refers to the electrons that reside in the outermost shell of an atom, which are also known as valence electrons. These electrons are significant because they are involved in chemical reactions and determine how an element will interact with others. For instance, elements with a full outer shell, such as the noble gases, are typically inert and do not readily form bonds with other elements. In contrast, elements with one or more unpaired outer electrons are more reactive and tend to form bonds to achieve a stable electronic configuration.Understanding the arrangement of outer electrons helps explain the periodic trends observed in the periodic table. As we move from left to right across a period, the number of outer electrons increases, leading to changes in reactivity and bonding behavior. For example, alkali metals, which have one outer electron, are highly reactive and readily lose that electron to form positive ions. On the other hand, halogens, which have seven outer electrons, are also very reactive but tend to gain an electron to achieve a full outer shell.Moreover, the concept of outer electrons is fundamental in explaining the octet rule, which states that atoms tend to bond in such a way that they achieve a full set of eight outer electrons. This rule is a guiding principle in predicting how different elements will interact during chemical reactions. For example, when sodium (Na) reacts with chlorine (Cl), sodium donates its single outer electron to chlorine, allowing both elements to achieve stable electron configurations. Sodium becomes a positively charged ion (Na+), while chlorine becomes a negatively charged ion (Cl-). This transfer of outer electrons leads to the formation of ionic bonds, which are characterized by the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.In addition to ionic bonding, the behavior of outer electrons is also crucial in covalent bonding, where atoms share outer electrons to achieve stability. For instance, in a water molecule (H2O), each hydrogen atom shares its single outer electron with the oxygen atom, allowing all involved atoms to attain a stable electron configuration. The shared outer electrons create a strong bond that holds the molecule together.In conclusion, the study of outer electrons is essential for understanding atomic structure and chemical bonding. These electrons dictate how atoms interact and form compounds, influencing the physical and chemical properties of substances. By grasping the significance of outer electrons, one can better appreciate the complexities of chemistry and the behavior of matter at the atomic level. The knowledge of outer electrons not only enhances our comprehension of scientific concepts but also has practical applications in fields such as material science, pharmacology, and environmental science, where the manipulation of chemical properties is crucial for innovation and sustainability.

“外层电子”的概念在理解原子的行为和化学键的形成中起着至关重要的作用。“外层电子”是指位于原子最外层壳层中的电子，也被称为价电子。这些电子非常重要，因为它们参与化学反应，并决定元素如何与其他元素相互作用。例如，具有完整外层壳的元素，如惰性气体，通常是惰性的，不会轻易与其他元素形成键。相比之下，具有一个或多个未配对“外层电子”的元素更具反应性，倾向于形成键以实现稳定的电子配置。理解“外层电子”的排列有助于解释周期表中观察到的周期趋势。当我们从左到右移动一个周期时，“外层电子”的数量增加，导致反应性和结合行为的变化。例如，碱金属具有一个“外层电子”，非常活泼，容易失去该电子形成正离子。另一方面，卤素具有七个“外层电子”，也非常活泼，但倾向于获得一个电子以实现完整的外层壳。此外，“外层电子”的概念对于解释八电子规则至关重要，该规则指出，原子倾向于以某种方式结合，以达到完整的八个“外层电子”。这个规则是预测不同元素在化学反应中如何相互作用的指导原则。例如，当钠（Na）与氯（Cl）反应时，钠将其单个“外层电子”转移给氯，使两个元素都能够实现稳定的电子配置。钠变成带正电的离子（Na+），而氯变成带负电的离子（Cl-）。这种“外层电子”的转移导致了离子键的形成，离子键的特征是相反电荷离子之间的静电吸引。除了离子键之外，“外层电子”的行为在共价键中也至关重要，在共价键中，原子共享“外层电子”以实现稳定。例如，在水分子（H2O）中，每个氢原子与氧原子共享其单个“外层电子”，使所有参与的原子都能获得稳定的电子配置。共享的“外层电子”形成了强大的键，将分子结合在一起。总之，研究“外层电子”对于理解原子结构和化学键是至关重要的。这些电子决定了原子如何相互作用和形成化合物，影响物质的物理和化学性质。通过掌握“外层电子”的重要性，人们可以更好地欣赏化学的复杂性以及物质在原子水平上的行为。“外层电子”的知识不仅增强了我们对科学概念的理解，还有助于在材料科学、药理学和环境科学等领域的实际应用，其中化学性质的操控对于创新和可持续性至关重要。