nitric acid

简明释义

硝酸

英英释义

例句

1.Safety goggles are essential when handling nitric acid due to its corrosive nature.

处理硝酸时，由于其腐蚀性，安全护目镜是必不可少的。

2.The chemical reaction between copper and nitric acid produces nitrogen dioxide.

铜与硝酸的化学反应会产生二氧化氮。

3.In the production of fertilizers, nitric acid is a key ingredient.

在肥料生产中，硝酸是一个关键成分。

4.The laboratory used nitric acid to dissolve metal samples for analysis.

实验室使用硝酸溶解金属样品以进行分析。

5.When mixed with water, nitric acid can generate heat and fumes.

与水混合时，硝酸会产生热量和烟雾。

作文

Nitric acid, known chemically as HNO3, is a highly corrosive and toxic strong acid. It is one of the most important chemicals in the industrial sector. The production and use of nitric acid (硝酸) play a crucial role in various applications, including fertilizers, explosives, and the manufacturing of other chemicals. Understanding nitric acid (硝酸) is essential for anyone involved in chemistry or related fields.The history of nitric acid (硝酸) dates back to the 8th century when it was discovered by the Persian alchemist Jabir ibn Hayyan. He created it by distilling saltpeter (potassium nitrate) with sulfuric acid. This discovery laid the groundwork for future chemical research and industrial applications. Today, nitric acid (硝酸) is produced on a large scale through the Ostwald process, which involves the oxidation of ammonia into nitric oxide and subsequently into nitric acid (硝酸).One of the primary uses of nitric acid (硝酸) is in the production of fertilizers. Ammonium nitrate, a widely used nitrogenous fertilizer, is made using nitric acid (硝酸). This fertilizer is essential for enhancing crop yields and ensuring food security worldwide. However, the production and use of nitric acid (硝酸) also raise environmental concerns. When used excessively, fertilizers can lead to soil degradation and water pollution due to runoff, which can cause eutrophication in aquatic ecosystems.In addition to fertilizers, nitric acid (硝酸) is a key ingredient in the manufacturing of explosives, such as TNT (trinitrotoluene) and nitroglycerin. The explosive properties of nitric acid (硝酸) make it invaluable in construction and demolition, where controlled explosions are necessary. However, this aspect of nitric acid (硝酸) usage also poses safety risks, as improper handling can lead to accidents and hazardous situations.Moreover, nitric acid (硝酸) is utilized in the production of various chemicals, including dyes, plastics, and pharmaceuticals. Its ability to act as a strong oxidizing agent makes it suitable for these applications. For instance, it is often used in the nitration process, where it introduces nitro groups into organic compounds, significantly altering their chemical properties and making them useful in various products.Despite its widespread applications, nitric acid (硝酸) must be handled with care due to its corrosive nature. It can cause severe burns upon contact with skin and can produce harmful fumes that are dangerous to inhale. Therefore, proper safety measures, such as wearing protective equipment and working in well-ventilated areas, are essential when dealing with nitric acid (硝酸).In conclusion, nitric acid (硝酸) is a vital chemical with numerous industrial applications, particularly in fertilizers and explosives. While it contributes significantly to agricultural productivity and various manufacturing processes, its use also necessitates careful consideration of environmental impacts and safety precautions. As the demand for nitric acid (硝酸) continues to grow, understanding its properties and implications will remain crucial for scientists, industries, and policymakers alike.

硝酸，化学上称为HNO3，是一种高度腐蚀性和有毒的强酸。它是工业部门中最重要的化学品之一。硝酸（nitric acid）的生产和使用在肥料、炸药和其他化学品的制造等各种应用中发挥着至关重要的作用。理解硝酸（nitric acid）对于任何参与化学或相关领域的人来说都是必不可少的。硝酸（nitric acid）的历史可以追溯到8世纪，当时波斯炼金术士贾比尔·伊本·哈亚扬发现了它。他通过将硝石（硝酸钾）与硫酸蒸馏而成。这一发现为未来的化学研究和工业应用奠定了基础。今天，硝酸（nitric acid）是通过奥斯特瓦尔德法大规模生产的，该过程涉及将氨氧化为一氧化氮，然后进一步转化为硝酸（nitric acid）。硝酸（nitric acid）的主要用途之一是在肥料的生产中。硝酸铵是一种广泛使用的氮肥，它是用硝酸（nitric acid）制成的。这种肥料对于提高作物产量和确保全球粮食安全至关重要。然而，硝酸（nitric acid）的生产和使用也引发了环境问题。当过度使用时，肥料可能导致土壤退化和水污染，因径流而导致水体富营养化。除了肥料，硝酸（nitric acid）还是炸药生产中的关键成分，例如TNT（三硝基甲苯）和硝化甘油。硝酸（nitric acid）的爆炸特性使其在建筑和拆除中不可或缺，在这些情况下需要控制爆炸。然而，硝酸（nitric acid）这一用途的方面也存在安全风险，因为不当处理可能导致事故和危险情况。此外，硝酸（nitric acid）还用于各种化学品的生产，包括染料、塑料和药品。它作为强氧化剂的能力使其适合这些应用。例如，它通常用于硝化过程，在该过程中，它将硝基引入有机化合物，显著改变其化学性质，使其在各种产品中变得有用。尽管硝酸（nitric acid）有广泛的应用，但由于其腐蚀性特征，必须小心处理。它接触皮肤时会导致严重烧伤，并且会产生对吸入有害的烟雾。因此，在处理硝酸（nitric acid）时，采取适当的安全措施，如穿戴防护装备和在通风良好的区域工作，是至关重要的。总之，硝酸（nitric acid）是一种重要的化学品，在肥料和炸药等众多工业应用中发挥着重要作用。虽然它对农业生产力和各种制造过程贡献巨大，但其使用也需要仔细考虑环境影响和安全预防措施。随着对硝酸（nitric acid）需求的持续增长，理解其特性和影响将继续对科学家、工业界和政策制定者至关重要。