neutron absorber

简明释义

中子吸收剂

英英释义

例句

1.During the shutdown of a reactor, operators increase the amount of neutron absorber to ensure criticality is avoided.

在反应堆关闭期间，操作员增加中子吸收剂的量，以确保避免临界状态。

2.Research shows that certain materials can act as effective neutron absorbers in high-energy environments.

研究表明，某些材料可以在高能环境中充当有效的中子吸收剂。

3.The design of the reactor core includes several layers of neutron absorbers to enhance safety.

反应堆核心的设计包括几层中子吸收剂以增强安全性。

4.The effectiveness of a neutron absorber depends on its atomic structure and density.

一个中子吸收剂的有效性取决于其原子结构和密度。

5.In nuclear reactors, materials like boron are used as a neutron absorber to control the fission process.

在核反应堆中，像硼这样的材料被用作中子吸收剂来控制裂变过程。

作文

In the realm of nuclear physics, the term neutron absorber refers to materials that can capture neutrons, thereby preventing them from causing further nuclear reactions. This concept is crucial in various applications, particularly in nuclear reactors where controlling the neutron population is essential for maintaining a stable and safe reaction. A neutron absorber can be any substance that has a high cross-section for neutron capture, which means it effectively interacts with neutrons to halt their movement. Common examples include boron, cadmium, and certain isotopes of hafnium.The role of a neutron absorber in a nuclear reactor cannot be overstated. In a fission reaction, neutrons are released when heavy nuclei split apart. These free neutrons can go on to initiate further fission events, leading to a chain reaction. If this reaction is not carefully controlled, it can result in an uncontrolled release of energy, which is dangerous. Thus, neutron absorbers are strategically placed within the reactor core to absorb excess neutrons and regulate the reaction rate. By adjusting the amount of neutron absorber present, operators can fine-tune the reactor's power output and ensure it operates within safe limits.Moreover, neutron absorbers are also employed in the design of nuclear waste storage facilities. When nuclear fuel is used up, it becomes radioactive waste that continues to emit radiation, including neutrons. By incorporating neutron absorbers into the waste containment systems, the neutron radiation can be significantly reduced, making the storage sites safer for both the environment and human health.The effectiveness of a neutron absorber depends on several factors, including its chemical composition, physical state, and the energy of the incoming neutrons. For instance, thermal neutrons, which are slow-moving neutrons, are more easily absorbed than fast neutrons. This is why materials like boron, which has a high affinity for thermal neutrons, are often used in control rods within reactors. These control rods can be inserted or withdrawn from the reactor core to manage the neutron population actively.In addition to their use in reactors, neutron absorbers play a vital role in medical applications, particularly in radiation therapy for cancer treatment. In some cases, specific neutron absorbers are used to shield healthy tissues from unwanted radiation exposure while allowing targeted treatment of cancerous cells.In conclusion, the concept of a neutron absorber is integral to the field of nuclear science. Its ability to capture and mitigate neutron activity is essential for the safe operation of nuclear reactors, the management of radioactive waste, and even in medical treatments. Understanding the properties and applications of neutron absorbers allows scientists and engineers to harness nuclear energy safely and effectively while minimizing potential risks associated with radiation. As research continues, the development of new and improved neutron absorbers will likely enhance our capabilities in both energy production and radiation protection.

在核物理领域，术语中子吸收剂指的是能够捕获中子的材料，从而防止它们引发进一步的核反应。这个概念在各种应用中至关重要，特别是在核反应堆中，控制中子数量对于维持稳定和安全的反应至关重要。中子吸收剂可以是任何具有高中子捕获截面的物质，这意味着它有效地与中子相互作用以停止它们的运动。常见的例子包括硼、镉以及某些铪同位素。在核反应堆中，中子吸收剂的作用不可低估。在裂变反应中，当重核分裂时会释放出中子。这些自由中子可以继续引发进一步的裂变事件，导致链式反应。如果这种反应没有得到仔细控制，就可能导致能量的不受控制释放，这是危险的。因此，中子吸收剂被战略性地放置在反应堆核心内，以吸收多余的中子并调节反应速率。通过调整存在的中子吸收剂的数量，操作员可以微调反应堆的功率输出，确保其在安全范围内运行。此外，中子吸收剂还用于核废料储存设施的设计。当核燃料被消耗后，它会变成放射性废物，继续发出辐射，包括中子。通过将中子吸收剂纳入废物封存系统，可以显著减少中子辐射，使储存地点对环境和人类健康更安全。中子吸收剂的有效性取决于几个因素，包括其化学成分、物理状态和入射中子的能量。例如，热中子，即慢中子，比快中子更容易被吸收。这就是为什么像硼这样的材料，具有对热中子高亲和力，通常被用作反应堆中的控制棒。这些控制棒可以插入或拔出反应堆核心，以主动管理中子数量。除了在反应堆中的使用外，中子吸收剂在医疗应用中也发挥着重要作用，特别是在癌症治疗的放射治疗中。在某些情况下，特定的中子吸收剂被用来屏蔽健康组织，以避免不必要的辐射暴露，同时允许对癌细胞进行靶向治疗。总之，中子吸收剂的概念是核科学领域不可或缺的一部分。它捕获和减轻中子活动的能力对于核反应堆的安全运行、放射性废物的管理甚至医学治疗至关重要。理解中子吸收剂的属性和应用使科学家和工程师能够安全有效地利用核能，同时最大限度地减少与辐射相关的潜在风险。随着研究的持续，新型和改进的中子吸收剂的开发可能会增强我们在能源生产和辐射保护方面的能力。