normal shock

简明释义

正激波

英英释义

例句

1.The aircraft experienced a normal shock during its supersonic flight, which is a common phenomenon at high speeds.

飞机在超音速飞行中经历了正常激波，这是高速飞行中的常见现象。

2.Engineers must account for normal shock when designing supersonic nozzles to ensure efficiency.

工程师在设计超音速喷嘴时必须考虑到正常激波以确保效率。

3.The simulation showed how normal shock can change pressure distribution around an object.

模拟显示了正常激波如何改变物体周围的压力分布。

4.The study of normal shock waves is crucial for understanding fluid dynamics in aerospace applications.

研究正常激波对理解航空航天应用中的流体动力学至关重要。

5.During testing, the rocket encountered a normal shock that affected its stability.

在测试过程中，火箭遭遇了正常激波，这影响了其稳定性。

作文

In the study of fluid dynamics, particularly in the context of supersonic flows, the term normal shock refers to a specific type of shock wave that occurs when a supersonic flow encounters an obstacle or a change in geometry. This phenomenon is crucial for understanding how objects behave when they travel faster than the speed of sound. A normal shock is characterized by an abrupt change in pressure, temperature, and density of the fluid, which can be observed across the shock wave. When a fluid flows at supersonic speeds, its behavior differs significantly from subsonic flows. In subsonic flows, the fluid can adjust smoothly to changes in geometry or obstacles. However, in supersonic flows, the situation is different. When the flow encounters a solid object, such as the leading edge of an airfoil or a wedge, it cannot smoothly adjust, leading to the formation of a normal shock. This shock wave propagates perpendicular to the flow direction, hence the name 'normal'. The characteristics of a normal shock can be analyzed using the principles of conservation of mass, momentum, and energy. As the flow passes through the shock, there is a significant drop in velocity, accompanied by a rise in pressure and temperature. For engineers and scientists, understanding these changes is essential for the design of high-speed vehicles, such as aircraft and rockets. One of the most important aspects of a normal shock is its impact on the performance and efficiency of aerodynamic surfaces. For example, when an aircraft approaches the speed of sound, it experiences increased drag due to the formation of shock waves. The normal shock can lead to a phenomenon known as 'shock stall', where the airflow separates from the wing surface, causing a loss of lift and control. This is a critical consideration in the design of supersonic and transonic aircraft.Furthermore, the analysis of normal shock waves is not limited to aerodynamics. It also plays a significant role in various engineering applications, including gas turbines, nozzles, and even in astrophysical phenomena. Engineers utilize computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations to predict the behavior of fluids under various conditions, including the presence of normal shocks. These simulations help in optimizing designs to minimize the adverse effects of shocks on performance.In conclusion, the concept of normal shock is vital in the field of fluid dynamics, especially when dealing with supersonic flows. Understanding how these shock waves form and behave allows engineers to design better aerodynamic surfaces and improve the efficiency of high-speed vehicles. The study of normal shock not only enhances our knowledge of fluid mechanics but also has practical applications that influence modern technology and transportation systems.

在流体动力学的研究中，特别是在超音速流动的背景下，术语normal shock指的是当超音速流动遇到障碍物或几何变化时发生的一种特定类型的冲击波。这一现象对于理解物体在超音速下的行为至关重要。normal shock的特征是流体的压力、温度和密度发生突变，这可以在冲击波的两侧观察到。当流体以超音速流动时，其行为与亚音速流动显著不同。在亚音速流动中，流体可以平滑地调整以适应几何形状或障碍物的变化。然而，在超音速流动中，情况则不同。当流动遇到固体物体，如气动翼的前缘或楔形物体时，它无法平滑调整，从而导致形成normal shock。该冲击波垂直于流动方向传播，因此得名“normal”。normal shock的特性可以通过质量、动量和能量守恒原理进行分析。当流动通过冲击波时，速度会显著下降，同时压力和温度会上升。对于工程师和科学家来说，理解这些变化对于高速度飞行器（如飞机和火箭）的设计至关重要。normal shock的一个重要方面是它对空气动力学表面性能和效率的影响。例如，当飞机接近音速时，由于冲击波的形成，阻力会增加。normal shock可能导致一种称为“冲击失速”的现象，即气流从机翼表面分离，造成升力和控制的丧失。这是设计超音速和跨音速飞机时需要考虑的关键因素。此外，normal shock波的分析不仅限于空气动力学。它在各种工程应用中也发挥着重要作用，包括燃气涡轮、喷嘴，甚至在天体物理现象中。工程师利用计算流体动力学（CFD）模拟来预测流体在各种条件下的行为，包括存在normal shocks的情况。这些模拟有助于优化设计，以最小化冲击对性能的不利影响。总之，normal shock的概念在流体动力学领域至关重要，特别是在处理超音速流动时。理解这些冲击波是如何形成和行为的，可以使工程师设计出更好的空气动力学表面，提高高速飞行器的效率。对normal shock的研究不仅增强了我们对流体力学的认识，而且具有影响现代技术和交通系统的实际应用。