mean free path

简明释义

平均自由行程

英英释义

例句

1.In a gas, the average distance a molecule travels between collisions is known as its mean free path.

在气体中，分子在碰撞之间平均行驶的距离称为自由程。

2.In vacuum conditions, the mean free path can be significantly longer than in atmospheric pressure.

在真空条件下，自由程可以比在大气压力下显著更长。

3.The mean free path increases with temperature because molecules move faster and collide less frequently.

由于分子运动更快且碰撞频率降低，自由程随着温度的升高而增加。

4.Understanding the mean free path is crucial for predicting how gases behave under different pressures.

理解自由程对于预测气体在不同压力下的行为至关重要。

5.The mean free path of electrons in a conductor affects its electrical conductivity.

导体中电子的自由程影响其电导率。

作文

In the realm of physics and engineering, the concept of mean free path plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of particles in a gas or liquid. The term mean free path refers to the average distance that a particle travels between successive collisions with other particles. This concept is particularly important in the study of kinetic theory, which provides a microscopic explanation of macroscopic phenomena such as temperature and pressure. Understanding the mean free path allows scientists and engineers to predict how gases will behave under various conditions, which is essential for applications ranging from aerodynamics to chemical reactions.To grasp the significance of the mean free path, consider a simple example involving air molecules in a room. At room temperature, air consists of a mixture of various gases, primarily nitrogen and oxygen. These molecules are in constant motion, colliding with one another and with the walls of the room. The mean free path of an air molecule can be calculated based on factors such as the density of the air and the size of the molecules. When the air is at a higher temperature, the molecules move faster, resulting in a shorter mean free path due to more frequent collisions. Conversely, at lower temperatures, the molecules slow down, leading to a longer mean free path as they travel farther before colliding.The concept of mean free path also has significant implications in fields such as astrophysics and nuclear physics. In astrophysics, for instance, the mean free path of photons traveling through space can influence how light interacts with matter in stars and galaxies. In nuclear physics, the mean free path of neutrons in a reactor is critical for understanding how nuclear reactions occur and how to control them effectively. By analyzing the mean free path, researchers can optimize designs for reactors to ensure safety and efficiency.Moreover, the mean free path is not limited to gases alone; it also applies to liquids and solids under certain conditions. For example, in a liquid, the mean free path can help explain how solutes disperse within a solvent, affecting processes like diffusion and mixing. In solids, understanding the mean free path of electrons can provide insights into electrical conductivity and the behavior of materials at the atomic level.In conclusion, the concept of mean free path is fundamental to the understanding of particle interactions in various states of matter. Its applications span across multiple scientific disciplines, offering valuable insights into the behavior of gases, liquids, and solids. By studying the mean free path, scientists and engineers can better predict and manipulate the physical world around us, leading to advancements in technology and our understanding of the universe. As we continue to explore the intricacies of matter at the microscopic level, the mean free path will undoubtedly remain a key element in our quest for knowledge and innovation.

在物理和工程领域，平均自由程的概念在理解气体或液体中粒子的行为方面发挥着至关重要的作用。平均自由程一词指的是粒子在与其他粒子连续碰撞之间所旅行的平均距离。这个概念在动理论研究中尤为重要，动理论提供了对温度和压力等宏观现象的微观解释。理解平均自由程使科学家和工程师能够预测气体在各种条件下的行为，这对于从空气动力学到化学反应等应用至关重要。为了理解平均自由程的重要性，考虑一个涉及房间内空气分子的简单例子。在室温下，空气由多种气体的混合物组成，主要是氮气和氧气。这些分子处于不断运动中，相互碰撞并与房间的墙壁碰撞。空气分子的平均自由程可以根据空气的密度和分子的大小进行计算。当空气温度较高时，分子运动较快，导致由于更频繁的碰撞而平均自由程变短。相反，在较低温度下，分子减速，导致平均自由程变长，因为它们在碰撞之前旅行得更远。平均自由程的概念在天体物理学和核物理学等领域也具有重要意义。例如，在天体物理学中，光子在太空中传播的平均自由程会影响光与恒星和星系中的物质的相互作用。在核物理学中，反应堆中中子的平均自由程对于理解核反应的发生及其有效控制至关重要。通过分析平均自由程，研究人员可以优化反应堆设计，以确保安全和效率。此外，平均自由程不仅限于气体；在某些条件下，它也适用于液体和固体。例如，在液体中，平均自由程可以帮助解释溶质在溶剂中的分散，影响扩散和混合等过程。在固体中，理解电子的平均自由程可以提供对电导率和材料在原子水平上行为的洞察。总之，平均自由程的概念是理解各种物质状态中粒子相互作用的基础。它的应用跨越多个科学学科，为气体、液体和固体的行为提供了宝贵的见解。通过研究平均自由程，科学家和工程师可以更好地预测和操控我们周围的物理世界，从而推动技术进步和我们对宇宙的理解。随着我们继续探索微观层面上物质的复杂性，平均自由程无疑将继续成为我们追求知识和创新的关键要素。