low temperature brittleness

简明释义

低温脆性冷脆性

英英释义

例句

1.The material exhibited low temperature brittleness when tested below -20°C, leading to unexpected fractures.

该材料在-20°C以下测试时表现出低温脆性，导致意外断裂。

2.To prevent low temperature brittleness, manufacturers often add impact modifiers to their formulations.

为了防止低温脆性，制造商通常会在配方中添加抗冲击改性剂。

3.Certain plastics show low temperature brittleness, making them unsuitable for outdoor use in winter.

某些塑料显示出低温脆性，使其不适合在冬季户外使用。

4.Engineers must consider low temperature brittleness in the design of structures that will be exposed to cold climates.

工程师在设计将暴露于寒冷气候的结构时必须考虑低温脆性。

5.The failure analysis revealed that low temperature brittleness was a key factor in the pipe burst.

故障分析揭示了低温脆性是管道破裂的关键因素。

作文

Low temperature brittleness is a critical phenomenon that affects the mechanical properties of materials, especially metals and polymers. In engineering and material science, understanding this concept is essential for ensuring the reliability and safety of structures and components used in cold environments. When materials are exposed to low temperatures, they can undergo a significant change in their behavior. Instead of bending or deforming under stress, they may fracture suddenly, leading to catastrophic failures. This characteristic is referred to as low temperature brittleness (低温脆性). One of the most notable examples of low temperature brittleness can be seen in steel. Certain grades of steel, particularly those with high carbon content, can become brittle when the temperature drops below a specific threshold. This brittleness can result from the microstructural changes that occur in the material, such as the formation of martensite or the precipitation of carbides. Engineers must take these factors into account when designing structures that will be exposed to low temperatures, such as bridges in cold climates or offshore platforms in icy waters.Moreover, polymers are also susceptible to low temperature brittleness. Many common plastics lose their flexibility at lower temperatures, becoming rigid and more prone to cracking. For instance, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) can become brittle when the temperature falls below its glass transition temperature. This change can affect the performance of products made from these materials, such as pipes, insulation, and automotive components. Understanding the low temperature brittleness of polymers is crucial for manufacturers to ensure that their products will perform reliably in various environmental conditions.To mitigate the risks associated with low temperature brittleness, engineers often employ several strategies. One approach is to select materials that are specifically designed to withstand low temperatures. For example, low-alloy steels and certain types of stainless steel are often used in applications where low temperature performance is critical. Additionally, additives and modifiers can be incorporated into polymers to enhance their toughness at low temperatures. These modifications can help maintain the integrity of the material and prevent unexpected failures.Another important consideration is the design of components. Engineers can design parts to minimize stress concentrations, which are areas that are more likely to fail under load. By using rounded corners, gradual transitions, and appropriate thicknesses, the risk of low temperature brittleness can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, regular maintenance and inspection of structures can help identify potential issues before they lead to failure, ensuring that any signs of brittleness are addressed promptly.In conclusion, low temperature brittleness (低温脆性) is a vital concept in the fields of materials science and engineering. Its implications can have far-reaching effects on the safety and reliability of various products and structures. By understanding the causes and consequences of this phenomenon, as well as employing appropriate design and material selection strategies, engineers can effectively mitigate the risks associated with low temperature conditions. As our world continues to face extreme weather conditions and climate change, the importance of addressing low temperature brittleness will only grow, making it an essential aspect of modern engineering practices.

低温脆性是一个关键现象，影响材料的机械性能，尤其是金属和聚合物。在工程和材料科学中，理解这个概念对于确保在寒冷环境中使用的结构和组件的可靠性和安全性至关重要。当材料暴露于低温时，它们的行为可能会发生显著变化。材料可能不会在应力下弯曲或变形，而是突然断裂，导致灾难性的故障。这种特性被称为低温脆性。一个显著的例子是钢铁。某些等级的钢，特别是高碳含量的钢，在温度下降到特定阈值以下时可能变得脆弱。这种脆性可能是由于材料中发生的微观结构变化，例如马氏体的形成或碳化物的析出。在设计将暴露于低温的结构时，例如寒冷气候中的桥梁或冰水中的海上平台，工程师必须考虑这些因素。此外，聚合物也容易受到低温脆性的影响。许多常见塑料在低温下失去灵活性，变得刚硬，更容易开裂。例如，聚氯乙烯（PVC）在温度降到其玻璃转变温度以下时可能变得脆弱。这种变化可能会影响由这些材料制成的产品的性能，如管道、绝缘材料和汽车部件。理解聚合物的低温脆性对制造商至关重要，以确保其产品在各种环境条件下的可靠性。为了减轻与低温脆性相关的风险，工程师通常采用几种策略。一种方法是选择专门设计用于承受低温的材料。例如，低合金钢和某些类型的不锈钢通常用于低温性能至关重要的应用。此外，可以将添加剂和改性剂掺入聚合物中，以增强其在低温下的韧性。这些改性可以帮助保持材料的完整性，防止意外故障。另一个重要的考虑是组件的设计。工程师可以设计零件以最小化应力集中，这是更容易在负载下失效的区域。通过使用圆角、渐进过渡和适当的厚度，可以显著降低低温脆性的风险。此外，定期维护和检查结构可以帮助及时识别潜在问题，确保在出现脆性迹象时及时处理。总之，低温脆性是材料科学和工程领域的重要概念。其影响可能对各种产品和结构的安全性和可靠性产生深远影响。通过理解这一现象的原因和后果，以及采用适当的设计和材料选择策略，工程师可以有效减轻与低温条件相关的风险。随着我们世界面临极端天气条件和气候变化，解决低温脆性的重要性只会增加，使其成为现代工程实践中的一个重要方面。