isothermal expansion

简明释义

等温膨胀

英英释义

例句

1.The isothermal expansion of a gas occurs when it is allowed to expand slowly enough that its temperature remains constant.

当气体被允许缓慢膨胀以保持温度恒定时，就会发生等温膨胀。

2.In an ideal gas scenario, the work done during an isothermal expansion can be calculated using the formula W = nRT ln(Vf/Vi).

在理想气体的情况下，等温膨胀过程中所做的功可以用公式W = nRT ln(Vf/Vi)计算。

3.Engineers often study isothermal expansion to improve the efficiency of heat engines.

工程师们经常研究等温膨胀以提高热机的效率。

4.One practical application of isothermal expansion is in refrigeration cycles, where refrigerants undergo this process.

一个实际应用等温膨胀的例子是在制冷循环中，制冷剂经历这个过程。

5.During an isothermal expansion, the gas absorbs heat from its surroundings to maintain a constant temperature.

在等温膨胀过程中，气体从周围环境中吸收热量以维持恒定温度。

作文

In the realm of thermodynamics, one of the fundamental processes that often captures the attention of both students and professionals is the concept of isothermal expansion. This term refers to a process in which a gas expands at a constant temperature. Understanding this concept is crucial for anyone studying physics or engineering, as it lays the groundwork for more complex theories and applications.During isothermal expansion (等温膨胀), the internal energy of the gas remains constant because the temperature does not change. This means that any energy added to the system in the form of heat must be used to do work on the surroundings. For instance, when a gas is allowed to expand slowly in a piston while being kept at a constant temperature by placing it in a large thermal reservoir, it absorbs heat from this reservoir. The gas then uses this heat energy to perform work against the external pressure.The mathematical representation of isothermal expansion can be expressed through the ideal gas law, which states that PV = nRT, where P is the pressure, V is the volume, n is the number of moles of gas, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. In an isothermal expansion scenario, if the temperature (T) remains constant, any increase in volume (V) must result in a decrease in pressure (P) to maintain the equality.This relationship can also be visualized graphically. When plotting a pressure-volume (P-V) diagram, isothermal expansion appears as a hyperbolic curve. As the gas expands, the curve slopes downwards, indicating that as volume increases, pressure decreases, all while maintaining a constant temperature.The implications of isothermal expansion are significant in various real-world applications. For example, in engines, understanding how gases behave during isothermal processes can lead to more efficient designs and better performance. Additionally, refrigeration cycles often involve isothermal expansion processes, where refrigerants absorb heat from their surroundings, thus cooling the environment effectively.Moreover, the concept of isothermal expansion is not limited to ideal gases. Real gases exhibit similar behavior under certain conditions, although deviations may occur due to intermolecular forces and other factors. Therefore, studying isothermal expansion helps in comprehending both ideal and non-ideal gas behaviors, providing a comprehensive understanding of thermodynamic principles.In conclusion, the study of isothermal expansion is essential for grasping fundamental thermodynamic concepts. It illustrates the delicate balance between heat, work, and energy within a system. As we delve deeper into the world of thermodynamics, the knowledge gained from understanding isothermal expansion will undoubtedly serve as a stepping stone toward mastering more advanced topics in physics and engineering. By recognizing the significance of this process, we can appreciate the intricate workings of the natural world and the technologies that harness these principles for practical use.

在热力学领域，一个经常吸引学生和专业人士注意的基本过程是等温膨胀的概念。这个术语指的是气体在恒定温度下膨胀的过程。理解这个概念对于任何学习物理或工程的人来说都是至关重要的，因为它为更复杂的理论和应用奠定了基础。在等温膨胀（isothermal expansion）过程中，气体的内部能量保持不变，因为温度没有变化。这意味着，任何以热量的形式加入系统的能量都必须用于对外界做功。例如，当气体在活塞中缓慢膨胀，同时通过将其放置在一个大的热库中保持恒定温度时，它从这个热库中吸收热量。然后，气体利用这部分热能对抗外部压力做功。等温膨胀的数学表达可以通过理想气体定律表示，该定律指出PV = nRT，其中P是压力，V是体积，n是气体的摩尔数，R是通用气体常数，T是绝对温度。在等温膨胀的情况下，如果温度（T）保持不变，则体积（V）的增加必然导致压力（P）的下降，以维持等式的平衡。这一关系也可以通过图形化方式进行可视化。当绘制压力-体积（P-V）图时，等温膨胀表现为一条双曲线。随着气体的膨胀，曲线向下倾斜，表明体积增加时，压力下降，同时保持恒定温度。等温膨胀的影响在各种实际应用中都具有重要意义。例如，在发动机中，理解气体在等温过程中的行为可以导致更高效的设计和更好的性能。此外，制冷循环通常涉及等温膨胀过程，其中制冷剂从周围环境中吸收热量，从而有效地降低环境温度。此外，等温膨胀的概念并不仅限于理想气体。在某些条件下，真实气体也表现出类似的行为，尽管由于分子间力和其他因素可能会出现偏差。因此，研究等温膨胀有助于理解理想和非理想气体的行为，为掌握热力学原理提供全面的理解。总之，研究等温膨胀对于掌握基本热力学概念至关重要。它展示了系统内热量、功和能量之间的微妙平衡。随着我们深入热力学的世界，从理解等温膨胀中获得的知识无疑将成为掌握物理和工程学中更高级主题的基石。通过认识到这一过程的重要性，我们可以欣赏自然界的复杂运作以及利用这些原理进行实际应用的技术。