antibody

简明释义

英[ˈæntibɒdi]美[ˈæntibɑːdi]

n. [免疫] 抗体

复 数 a n t i b o d i e s

英英释义

单词用法

同义词

反义词

例句

1.Because of an antibody incompatibility, he is unable to receive a transplant.

由于抗体不相容，他不能接受心脏移植。

2.The preparation of mono-cloned antibody of sulfamerazine was studied.

研究了磺胺间甲嘧啶单克隆抗体的制备。

3.There's a lag phase, and there's a slow rise to an intermediate level of antibody concentration.

有一个迟滞期，抗体浓度缓慢上升至中间水平。

4.Antibodies are very specific in that each antibody will recognize and bind to one protein region only.

抗体具有非常特异性，每种抗体只识别和结合一种蛋白质区域。

5.Myasthenia gravis(MG) is an autoimmune disease which choline receptor antibody mediates, cell immunity depends on and addiment participates.

重症肌无力是乙酰胆碱受体抗体介导、细胞免疫依赖、补体参与的自身免疫性疾病。

6.In isolated human cells, this antibody proved to be extraordinarily effective at thwarting the rhinovirus.

在分离的人体细胞中，这种抗体被证明对遏制鼻病毒非常有效。

7.The technique USES two types of antibody, each attached to a fluorescent dye molecule.

这项技术使用两种类型的抗体，分别把它们附着在一个荧光染料分子上。

8.The doctor explained that an antibody 抗体 is a protein produced by the immune system to fight off infections.

医生解释说，抗体 antibody 是免疫系统产生的一种蛋白质，用来抵抗感染。

9.After recovering from the illness, she had high levels of antibodies 抗体 in her blood.

从疾病中恢复后，她的血液中有高水平的抗体 antibodies。

10.A blood test can determine whether you have developed antibodies 抗体 against a particular virus.

血液测试可以确定你是否已经对特定病毒产生了抗体 antibodies。

11.Vaccines work by stimulating the body to produce antibodies 抗体 against specific pathogens.

疫苗通过刺激身体产生针对特定病原体的抗体 antibodies 来发挥作用。

12.Immunotherapy uses antibodies 抗体 to help the immune system recognize and attack cancer cells.

免疫疗法利用抗体 antibodies 帮助免疫系统识别和攻击癌细胞。

作文

In the realm of immunology, the term antibody refers to a specialized protein produced by the immune system in response to foreign substances known as antigens. These antigens can be bacteria, viruses, or any other pathogens that invade the body. The primary function of an antibody is to identify and neutralize these harmful invaders, thereby playing a crucial role in the body's defense mechanism.When a pathogen enters the body, it is recognized by the immune system as a foreign entity. In response, B cells, a type of white blood cell, are activated and begin to produce antibodies. Each antibody is unique and specifically designed to target a particular antigen. This specificity is akin to a lock and key mechanism, where only the correctly shaped antibody can bind to its corresponding antigen. Once bound, the antibody can neutralize the pathogen directly or mark it for destruction by other immune cells.The process of antibody production is not instantaneous. It takes time for the immune system to recognize the pathogen and produce the necessary antibodies. This is why individuals often experience symptoms when they first contract an illness; their bodies are still in the process of generating an effective immune response. However, once the immune system has successfully created antibodies against a specific pathogen, it retains a memory of this encounter. This immunological memory allows for a quicker and more robust response if the same pathogen invades the body again in the future.Vaccination is a practical application of this principle. Vaccines expose the immune system to a harmless part of a pathogen, such as a protein or an inactive form of the virus. This exposure stimulates the production of antibodies without causing the disease itself. As a result, when the individual encounters the actual pathogen later on, their immune system is already primed to produce the appropriate antibodies quickly, providing protection against the disease.The study of antibodies has significant implications in various fields, including medicine, biotechnology, and diagnostics. Monoclonal antibodies, which are identical copies of a single type of antibody, are used in targeted therapies for diseases such as cancer. They can specifically target cancer cells while sparing healthy cells, minimizing side effects and improving treatment efficacy.Moreover, antibodies are essential tools in laboratory research and diagnostic tests. For instance, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) use antibodies to detect the presence of specific proteins in a sample, aiding in the diagnosis of various conditions.In conclusion, antibodies are vital components of the immune system, serving as the body’s defense against infections. Their ability to recognize and neutralize pathogens is essential for maintaining health. Understanding how antibodies work not only enhances our knowledge of the immune system but also opens up new avenues for medical advancements, including vaccines and targeted therapies. As research continues, the potential applications of antibodies will likely expand, offering hope for improved treatments and better understanding of various diseases.

在免疫学领域，术语抗体指的是一种由免疫系统产生的特定蛋白质，它是对外来物质（称为抗原）作出的反应。这些抗原可以是细菌、病毒或任何其他侵入身体的病原体。抗体的主要功能是识别和中和这些有害的入侵者，从而在身体的防御机制中发挥至关重要的作用。当病原体进入身体时，免疫系统将其识别为外来实体。作为回应，B细胞（一种白细胞）被激活并开始产生抗体。每种抗体都是独特的，专门设计用来针对特定的抗原。这种特异性类似于锁和钥匙的机制，只有形状正确的抗体才能与其对应的抗原结合。一旦结合，抗体可以直接中和病原体，或者标记它以便其他免疫细胞进行破坏。抗体的产生过程并不是瞬时的。免疫系统需要时间来识别病原体并产生所需的抗体。这就是为什么个体在首次感染疾病时常常会出现症状；他们的身体仍在生成有效的免疫反应。然而，一旦免疫系统成功地针对特定病原体产生了抗体，它会保留对此次遭遇的记忆。这种免疫记忆使得如果相同的病原体再次侵入身体，免疫系统能够更快、更强烈地做出反应。疫苗接种是这一原理的实际应用。疫苗使免疫系统接触到病原体的无害部分，如蛋白质或灭活的病毒。这种暴露刺激了抗体的产生，而不会引起疾病。因此，当个体随后遇到实际病原体时，他们的免疫系统已经准备好快速产生适当的抗体，提供对疾病的保护。对抗体的研究在医学、生物技术和诊断等多个领域具有重要意义。单克隆抗体是单一类型的抗体的相同复制品，广泛用于癌症等疾病的靶向治疗。它们可以特异性地靶向癌细胞，同时保护健康细胞，最小化副作用，提高治疗效果。此外，抗体是实验室研究和诊断测试中的重要工具。例如，酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）使用抗体检测样本中特定蛋白质的存在，有助于诊断各种疾病。总之，抗体是免疫系统的重要组成部分，充当身体抵御感染的防线。它们识别和中和病原体的能力对于维持健康至关重要。理解抗体的工作原理不仅增强了我们对免疫系统的认识，还为医学进步（包括疫苗和靶向疗法）开辟了新的途径。随着研究的持续，抗体的潜在应用可能会扩大，为改善治疗和更好地理解各种疾病提供希望。