ground state

简明释义

基态

英英释义

例句

1.The ground state of helium consists of two electrons paired in the lowest orbital.

氦的基态由两个电子配对在最低轨道中组成。

2.The transition from the ground state to an excited state occurs when energy is absorbed.

从基态到激发态的跃迁发生在吸收能量时。

3.In quantum mechanics, the lowest energy level of an atom is referred to as its ground state.

在量子力学中，原子的最低能量水平被称为其基态。

4.Scientists often study the ground state to understand the properties of materials.

科学家们通常研究基态以了解材料的性质。

5.When electrons are in their ground state, they are at their most stable configuration.

当电子处于基态时，它们处于最稳定的配置。

作文

In the realm of physics and chemistry, the term ground state refers to the lowest energy state of a quantum mechanical system. This concept is crucial as it lays the foundation for understanding various phenomena in atomic and molecular structures. When an atom or molecule is in its ground state, it is at its most stable configuration, with electrons occupying the lowest available energy levels. This stability is essential for the behavior of matter in different states and under various conditions.To illustrate the significance of the ground state, consider the hydrogen atom. In its ground state, the single electron occupies the closest orbit around the nucleus, minimizing its energy. If energy is supplied to the atom, the electron can be excited to higher energy levels, leading to what is known as an excited state. However, once the energy is removed, the electron will inevitably return to its ground state. This process of returning to the ground state is fundamental to many physical processes, including the emission of light.The study of ground states extends beyond simple atoms. In complex molecules, understanding the ground state is vital for predicting chemical reactions and properties. For example, in organic chemistry, the stability of a molecule in its ground state can determine its reactivity and the types of bonds it can form. Molecules often undergo transformations that involve moving from one ground state to another, or transitioning between ground states and excited states.Moreover, the concept of ground state is also relevant in solid-state physics, particularly in the study of superconductors and semiconductors. The electronic configuration of materials in their ground state influences their conductive properties. For instance, the ability of a material to conduct electricity at low temperatures can be explained by examining the ground state of its electrons. Understanding these properties allows scientists to develop new materials with specific functionalities, such as advanced semiconductor devices.Furthermore, in quantum mechanics, the ground state serves as a reference point for understanding more complex systems. The principles governing particles in their ground state can be applied to many-body systems, where interactions between multiple particles lead to emergent phenomena. These phenomena can include superfluidity and Bose-Einstein condensation, both of which are deeply rooted in the properties of particles in their ground state.In summary, the concept of ground state is fundamental across various fields of science. From the simplest hydrogen atom to complex molecular systems and advanced materials, the ground state provides critical insights into the nature of matter. Understanding the ground state not only enhances our knowledge of atomic and molecular behavior but also paves the way for innovations in technology and materials science. As research continues to evolve, the implications of the ground state will undoubtedly play a pivotal role in future discoveries and applications in science and engineering.

在物理和化学领域，术语基态指的是量子力学系统的最低能量状态。这个概念至关重要，因为它为理解原子和分子结构中的各种现象奠定了基础。当一个原子或分子处于基态时，它处于最稳定的配置中，电子占据最低可用能级。这种稳定性对物质在不同状态和各种条件下的行为至关重要。为了说明基态的重要性，考虑氢原子。在其基态中，单个电子占据靠近原子核的轨道，从而最小化其能量。如果向原子提供能量，电子可以被激发到更高的能量水平，这被称为激发态。然而，一旦能量被移除，电子将不可避免地返回到其基态。这一返回到基态的过程是许多物理过程的基础，包括光的发射。对基态的研究不仅限于简单的原子。在复杂分子中，理解基态对于预测化学反应和性质至关重要。例如，在有机化学中，分子在其基态的稳定性可以决定其反应性和形成的键类型。分子通常经历从一个基态到另一个基态的转变，或在基态和激发态之间的转变。此外，基态的概念在固态物理学中也很相关，特别是在超导体和半导体的研究中。材料在其基态的电子配置影响其导电性能。例如，材料在低温下导电的能力可以通过检查其电子的基态来解释。理解这些特性使科学家能够开发具有特定功能的新材料，例如先进的半导体器件。此外，在量子力学中，基态作为理解更复杂系统的参考点。控制粒子在其基态中的原则可以应用于多体系统，其中多个粒子之间的相互作用导致涌现现象。这些现象可以包括超流动性和玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚，这两者都深深植根于粒子在其基态中的特性。总之，基态的概念在各个科学领域都是基础。从最简单的氢原子到复杂的分子系统和先进材料，基态提供了对物质性质的关键见解。理解基态不仅增强了我们对原子和分子行为的认识，而且为技术和材料科学中的创新铺平了道路。随着研究的不断发展，基态的影响无疑将在未来的科学和工程发现与应用中发挥关键作用。