mitochondrion

简明释义

英[ˌmaɪtəʊˈkɒndriən]美[ˌmaɪtoʊˈkɑːndriən]

n. [细胞] 线粒体

复 数 m i t o c h o n d r i a

英英释义

单词用法

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例句

1.Conclusion GSTT can inhibit the apoptosis of PC12 induced by H2O2 which might be correlated with the inhibition of apoptosis in the path of mitochondrion.

结论：蒺藜总皂苷可抑制H2O2诱导的PC 12细胞凋亡，其机制可能与抑制线粒体途径的细胞凋亡有关。

2.After storing 150 days, taking a sample from the granulation (rind puffing) fruit, the nucleus, nucleolus, mitochondrion and chromoplast could also be seen.

贮藏150天后从桔水(浮皮)果实取样制片，还能看到细胞核、核仁、线粒体及有色体。

3.The less energy produced by mitochondrion in retina's internal reticular layer shows the inactivity of the ganglion cell.

视网膜内网状层线粒体产生的能量较少，表明神经节细胞活动不太活跃。

4.The propofol play its role through many possible mechanism such as the modulation of oxygen free radical and calcium, cell apoptosis, and mitochondrion.

它发挥保护作用的可能机制，主要通过异丙酚对氧自由基、钙离子的调节、细胞因子、细胞凋亡和线粒体等几方面的作用来实现。

5.Conclusion the ultrastructural damage of mitochondrion occurs in the early period after SE in rats, which may be critical in neuronal damage.

结论SE后早期海马神经元线粒体损伤可能是神经元损伤的关键环节。

6.This paper deals with, during myocardium differentiation, the morphology of mitochondrion and variations of distribution and quantity in embryo and after birth of mice.

本文报道了小白鼠胚胎及生后在心肌细胞分化过程中线粒体的形态、分布和数量的变化。

7.During cellular respiration, the mitochondrion 线粒体 converts nutrients into energy.

在细胞呼吸过程中，mitochondrion 线粒体 将营养物质转化为能量。

8.Some diseases are linked to dysfunctional mitochondrion 线粒体, leading to energy deficiencies.

一些疾病与功能失调的 mitochondrion 线粒体 有关，导致能量缺乏。

9.Each mitochondrion 线粒体 contains its own DNA, which is separate from the cell's nuclear DNA.

每个 mitochondrion 线粒体 含有自己的DNA，这与细胞核的DNA是分开的。

10.A healthy diet can improve the function of your mitochondrion 线粒体 and increase energy levels.

健康的饮食可以改善你的 mitochondrion 线粒体 功能并提高能量水平。

11.The mitochondrion 线粒体 is often referred to as the powerhouse of the cell.

细胞的 mitochondrion 线粒体 通常被称为细胞的动力源。

作文

The cell is often referred to as the basic unit of life, and within each cell, there are numerous organelles that perform specific functions. One of the most critical organelles is the mitochondrion, which plays an essential role in energy production. The term mitochondrion (线粒体) comes from the Greek words 'mitos' meaning thread and 'chondrion' meaning granule. This naming reflects its thread-like structure when viewed under a microscope. Each mitochondrion is surrounded by two membranes: an outer membrane and a highly folded inner membrane. The space between these membranes is known as the intermembrane space, while the area enclosed by the inner membrane is called the mitochondrial matrix. The unique structure of the mitochondrion is crucial for its function, as it allows for the efficient production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the energy currency of the cell.The process of ATP production occurs through cellular respiration, which can be divided into several stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation. Glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate. This pyruvate then enters the mitochondrion, where it undergoes further transformation during the Krebs cycle. This cycle produces electron carriers that transport electrons to the inner mitochondrial membrane, where oxidative phosphorylation occurs. Here, the energy from electrons is used to pump protons across the inner membrane, creating a proton gradient that drives ATP synthesis.In addition to energy production, mitochondria also play a role in regulating metabolic processes, including the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. They are involved in the synthesis of certain hormones and the regulation of cellular apoptosis, or programmed cell death. This function is vital for maintaining healthy cellular turnover and preventing the development of cancerous cells.Interestingly, mitochondria have their own DNA, which is distinct from the nuclear DNA found in the cell's nucleus. This mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is inherited maternally and encodes some of the proteins required for mitochondrial function. The presence of its own DNA supports the endosymbiotic theory, which suggests that mitochondria originated from free-living bacteria that were engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.Despite their importance, mitochondria can also be implicated in various diseases. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been linked to a range of conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, metabolic disorders, and even aging. Researchers are actively studying mitochondria to better understand their role in these diseases and to develop potential therapies.In conclusion, the mitochondrion (线粒体) is a remarkable organelle that serves as the powerhouse of the cell. Its complex structure and multifaceted roles in energy production, metabolism, and cellular regulation highlight its significance in maintaining life. Understanding the function and importance of the mitochondrion not only provides insights into fundamental biological processes but also opens new avenues for medical research and therapeutic interventions.

细胞通常被称为生命的基本单位，在每个细胞内都有许多细胞器执行特定功能。其中最重要的细胞器之一是mitochondrion（线粒体），它在能量生产中发挥着至关重要的作用。术语mitochondrion源自希腊词“mitos”，意思是丝，“chondrion”意思是颗粒。这一命名反映了其在显微镜下观察时的丝状结构。每个mitochondrion被两层膜包围：外膜和高度折叠的内膜。这些膜之间的空间被称为膜间隙，而内膜包围的区域称为线粒体基质。mitochondrion独特的结构对其功能至关重要，因为它允许有效地生产三磷酸腺苷（ATP），即细胞的能量货币。ATP生产的过程通过细胞呼吸进行，可以分为几个阶段：糖酵解、克雷布斯循环和氧化磷酸化。糖酵解发生在细胞质中，葡萄糖被分解为丙酮酸。然后，这个丙酮酸进入mitochondrion，在克雷布斯循环中进一步转化。这个循环产生电子载体，将电子运输到内线粒体膜，在那里发生氧化磷酸化。在这里，电子的能量用于将质子泵送过内膜，产生质子梯度，从而驱动ATP合成。除了能量生产外，mitochondria还在调节代谢过程中发挥作用，包括碳水化合物和脂肪的代谢。它们参与某些激素的合成以及细胞凋亡或程序性细胞死亡的调节。这个功能对于维持健康的细胞更新和防止癌细胞的发展至关重要。有趣的是，mitochondria拥有自己的DNA，这与细胞核中的核DNA不同。这种线粒体DNA（mtDNA）是母系遗传的，并编码某些所需的蛋白质。其自身DNA的存在支持内共生理论，该理论认为mitochondria起源于被祖先真核细胞吞噬的自由生活细菌。尽管它们很重要，mitochondria也可能与各种疾病有关。线粒体功能障碍与多种疾病相关，包括帕金森病和阿尔茨海默病等神经退行性疾病、代谢障碍，甚至衰老。研究人员正在积极研究mitochondria，以更好地理解它们在这些疾病中的作用，并开发潜在的治疗方法。总之，mitochondrion（线粒体）是一个非凡的细胞器，作为细胞的动力源。它在能量生产、代谢和细胞调节方面的复杂结构和多方面的角色突显了它在维持生命中的重要性。理解mitochondrion的功能和重要性不仅提供了对基本生物过程的洞察，还为医学研究和治疗干预开辟了新的途径。