elongation at fracture

简明释义

断裂延伸率

英英释义

例句

1.In this study, we measured the elongation at fracture to assess the toughness of various alloys.

在这项研究中，我们测量了断裂延伸率以评估各种合金的韧性。

2.A higher elongation at fracture value typically means a material can absorb more energy before breaking.

较高的断裂延伸率值通常意味着材料在断裂前可以吸收更多能量。

3.The elongation at fracture is a critical parameter for evaluating the performance of polymers.

对于评估聚合物性能来说，断裂延伸率是一个关键参数。

4.The tensile test revealed that the material had an elongation at fracture of 15%, indicating good ductility.

拉伸测试显示该材料的断裂延伸率为15%，表明良好的延展性。

5.Engineers often consider elongation at fracture when selecting materials for structural applications.

工程师在选择结构应用材料时常常考虑断裂延伸率。

作文

In the field of materials science and engineering, understanding the mechanical properties of materials is crucial for their effective application in various industries. One important property that engineers often evaluate is the ability of a material to deform before breaking, which is quantitatively expressed as elongation at fracture. This term refers to the percentage increase in length that a material undergoes when it is subjected to tensile stress until it ultimately fails. Essentially, it measures how much a material can stretch or elongate before it fractures. The significance of elongation at fracture lies in its ability to provide insights into the ductility of a material. Ductility is a measure of how much a material can deform plastically before rupture. Materials with high ductility, such as certain metals like gold and copper, exhibit considerable elongation at fracture, making them suitable for applications where flexibility and resilience are required. In contrast, brittle materials, such as glass or some ceramics, have low elongation at fracture values, meaning they tend to break without significant deformation. When engineers select materials for specific applications, they must consider the elongation at fracture alongside other mechanical properties like tensile strength and hardness. For example, in construction and structural applications, materials need to withstand various forces without failing. A material with a high elongation at fracture can absorb energy and deform, providing a warning sign before complete failure, whereas a brittle material may fail suddenly without warning. Moreover, the elongation at fracture can be influenced by several factors, including temperature, strain rate, and the presence of impurities or defects in the material. For instance, metals may exhibit different elongation at fracture values at elevated temperatures compared to room temperature due to changes in their microstructure. Understanding these factors is essential for engineers to predict how materials will behave under different service conditions. In practical applications, testing for elongation at fracture is typically performed using a tensile test, where a sample material is pulled until it breaks. The initial length of the sample is measured, and after fracture, the final length is determined. The elongation at fracture is then calculated using the formula: \[ ext{Elongation at Fracture} = \frac{(L_f - L_0)}{L_0} \times 100\% \] where \(L_f\) is the final length and \(L_0\) is the original length. This quantitative measurement helps engineers and scientists assess the suitability of materials for specific applications. In conclusion, elongation at fracture is a vital property in the characterization of materials. It not only reflects the ductility and toughness of a material but also plays a critical role in ensuring safety and reliability in engineering applications. As technology advances and new materials are developed, understanding properties like elongation at fracture will remain essential for innovation and progress in material science.

在材料科学和工程领域，理解材料的机械性能对于其在各个行业中的有效应用至关重要。工程师们常常评估的一个重要属性是材料在断裂前变形的能力，这一属性以断裂时的伸长率的百分比形式定量表达。该术语指的是材料在受到拉伸应力直至最终破裂时所经历的长度增加的百分比。实质上，它测量了材料在断裂前可以拉伸或延长的程度。断裂时的伸长率的重要性在于它能够提供对材料韧性的见解。韧性是衡量材料在断裂前可以塑性变形多少的指标。具有高韧性的材料，例如某些金属如黄金和铜，表现出相当大的断裂时的伸长率，使其适合在需要灵活性和韧性的应用中使用。相比之下，脆性材料，如玻璃或某些陶瓷，具有较低的断裂时的伸长率值，这意味着它们往往会在没有显著变形的情况下破裂。当工程师为特定应用选择材料时，他们必须考虑断裂时的伸长率以及其他机械性能，如抗拉强度和硬度。例如，在建筑和结构应用中，材料需要承受各种力量而不发生失效。具有高断裂时的伸长率的材料能够吸收能量并变形，在完全失效之前提供警示，而脆性材料可能会突然失效而没有警告。此外，断裂时的伸长率还会受到多种因素的影响，包括温度、应变速率以及材料中杂质或缺陷的存在。例如，金属在高温下与室温下可能表现出不同的断裂时的伸长率值，这是由于其微观结构的变化。理解这些因素对于工程师预测材料在不同服务条件下的行为至关重要。在实际应用中，通常通过拉伸试验来测试断裂时的伸长率，在该试验中，样品材料被拉伸直到破裂。首先测量样品的初始长度，然后确定断裂后的最终长度。然后使用以下公式计算断裂时的伸长率：\[ ext{Elongation at Fracture} = \frac{(L_f - L_0)}{L_0} \times 100\% \]其中\(L_f\)是最终长度，\(L_0\)是原始长度。这个量化测量帮助工程师和科学家评估材料在特定应用中的适用性。总之，断裂时的伸长率是材料表征中的一个重要属性。它不仅反映了材料的韧性和韧性，而且在确保工程应用的安全性和可靠性方面发挥着关键作用。随着技术的进步和新材料的开发，理解像断裂时的伸长率这样的属性将继续对材料科学的创新和进步至关重要。