fatigue fracture

简明释义

疲劳断裂

英英释义

例句

1.The research paper detailed how fatigue fractures 疲劳断裂 can occur in concrete under repetitive loading conditions.

研究论文详细说明了在重复加载条件下如何发生疲劳断裂。

2.In aerospace applications, fatigue fractures 疲劳断裂 can lead to catastrophic failures if not monitored regularly.

在航空航天应用中，如果不定期监测，疲劳断裂可能导致灾难性的故障。

3.The technician noticed signs of a fatigue fracture 疲劳断裂 in the metal component after years of usage.

技术员在金属组件使用多年后注意到有疲劳断裂的迹象。

4.The engineer explained that the bridge had suffered a fatigue fracture 疲劳断裂 due to repeated stress from heavy traffic.

工程师解释说，这座桥由于重型交通的反复压力而遭受了疲劳断裂。

5.Manufacturers must consider fatigue fractures 疲劳断裂 when designing parts that will be subjected to cyclic loading.

制造商在设计将承受循环载荷的部件时，必须考虑疲劳断裂。

作文

In the field of materials science and engineering, understanding the concept of fatigue fracture is crucial for ensuring the reliability and longevity of structures and components. A fatigue fracture occurs when a material fails due to repeated loading and unloading cycles, even when the applied stress is below the material's ultimate tensile strength. This phenomenon can lead to catastrophic failures in various applications, from aerospace to civil engineering, making it essential for engineers to comprehend the mechanisms behind it.To illustrate the importance of recognizing fatigue fracture, consider the example of an aircraft wing. During flight, wings are subjected to continuous fluctuations in stress caused by aerodynamic forces, turbulence, and the weight of the aircraft. Over time, these repetitive stress cycles can initiate microscopic cracks in the material. If not detected and addressed, these cracks can propagate, eventually leading to a fatigue fracture. Such a scenario could have dire consequences, including loss of aircraft integrity and safety risks for passengers.The process of fatigue fracture typically involves several stages. Initially, small cracks form at points of stress concentration, often at surface defects or inclusions within the material. As the loading continues, these cracks can grow incrementally with each cycle. Eventually, the cracks reach a critical size where they can no longer be sustained by the remaining material, resulting in a sudden and complete failure. This failure mechanism is particularly insidious because it can occur without any prior warning signs, making it challenging to predict and prevent.There are several factors that influence the occurrence of fatigue fracture. Material properties, such as toughness, ductility, and microstructure, play a significant role. For instance, metals with fine microstructures tend to exhibit better fatigue resistance compared to those with coarse structures. Additionally, environmental conditions, such as temperature and humidity, can affect the fatigue life of materials. Engineers must consider these variables when designing components that will experience cyclic loading.To mitigate the risk of fatigue fracture, various strategies can be employed. One common approach is to improve the design of components to reduce stress concentrations. This can involve using fillets instead of sharp corners or incorporating relief cuts. Another strategy is to select materials with higher fatigue strength or to apply surface treatments, such as shot peening, which can enhance the material's resistance to crack initiation.Regular inspection and maintenance are also vital in managing the risks associated with fatigue fracture. Non-destructive testing techniques, such as ultrasonic testing or magnetic particle inspection, can help identify early signs of fatigue damage before they lead to failure. By implementing a robust inspection regime, engineers can ensure that potential issues are addressed proactively, thereby extending the service life of critical components.In conclusion, the understanding of fatigue fracture is essential for engineers and designers across various industries. By recognizing the mechanisms, factors influencing fatigue, and strategies for prevention, we can significantly enhance the safety and reliability of structures and components subjected to cyclic loading. As technology advances and materials evolve, continued research into fatigue fracture will remain a priority to ensure that we can effectively manage the challenges posed by this complex failure mechanism.

在材料科学和工程领域，理解疲劳断裂的概念对于确保结构和组件的可靠性和耐久性至关重要。疲劳断裂发生在材料由于重复的加载和卸载循环而失效时，即使施加的应力低于材料的极限拉伸强度。这种现象可能导致航空航天、土木工程等各种应用中的灾难性故障，因此工程师必须理解其背后的机制。为了说明认识疲劳断裂的重要性，可以考虑一个飞机机翼的例子。在飞行过程中，机翼受到气动力、湍流和飞机重量引起的持续应力波动的影响。随着时间的推移，这些重复的应力循环可能会在材料中引发微观裂纹。如果不及时发现和处理，这些裂纹可能会扩展，最终导致疲劳断裂。这种情况可能会导致严重后果，包括飞机结构的完整性丧失以及对乘客的安全风险。疲劳断裂的过程通常涉及几个阶段。最初，在应力集中点（通常是材料表面缺陷或夹杂物）处形成小裂纹。随着加载的继续，这些裂纹可以在每个循环中逐渐增长。最终，裂纹达到一个临界尺寸，无法被剩余材料支撑，从而导致突然和完全的失效。这种失效机制尤其隐蔽，因为它可能在没有任何先兆的情况下发生，使得预测和防止变得具有挑战性。影响疲劳断裂发生的因素有很多。材料特性，如韧性、延展性和微观结构，发挥着重要作用。例如，与粗大结构相比，具有细微观结构的金属往往表现出更好的疲劳抗力。此外，环境条件（如温度和湿度）也会影响材料的疲劳寿命。工程师在设计将经历循环加载的组件时，必须考虑这些变量。为了降低疲劳断裂的风险，可以采用多种策略。一种常见的方法是改善组件的设计，以减少应力集中。这可以涉及使用圆角代替尖角或添加减压切口。另一种策略是选择具有更高疲劳强度的材料，或施加表面处理，例如喷丸处理，以增强材料抵御裂纹产生的能力。定期检查和维护在管理与疲劳断裂相关的风险方面也至关重要。无损检测技术，如超声波检测或磁粉检测，可以帮助在疲劳损伤导致失效之前识别早期迹象。通过实施稳健的检查制度，工程师可以确保潜在问题得到主动解决，从而延长关键组件的使用寿命。总之，理解疲劳断裂对于各个行业的工程师和设计师至关重要。通过认识机制、影响疲劳的因素和预防策略，我们可以显著提高承受循环载荷的结构和组件的安全性和可靠性。随着技术的进步和材料的发展，继续研究疲劳断裂将始终是一个优先事项，以确保我们能够有效应对这一复杂失效机制带来的挑战。