electric displacement

简明释义

电移

英英释义

例句

1.In a capacitor, the electric displacement helps to determine the amount of stored energy.

在电容器中，电位移有助于确定存储的能量量。

2.The relationship between electric displacement and electric field strength is described by Gauss's law.

电位移与电场强度之间的关系由高斯定律描述。

3.When analyzing dielectric materials, electric displacement is a key parameter.

在分析介电材料时，电位移是一个关键参数。

4.The concept of electric displacement is crucial in understanding how materials respond to external electric fields.

电位移的概念在理解材料如何响应外部电场时至关重要。

5.The formula for electric displacement can be derived from Maxwell's equations.

电位移的公式可以从麦克斯韦方程组中推导出来。

作文

In the realm of electromagnetism, one of the fundamental concepts that often arises is the idea of electric displacement. This term refers to a vector field that accounts for the effects of free and bound charges within a dielectric material. Understanding electric displacement is crucial not only for theoretical physics but also for practical applications in electrical engineering and materials science. To delve deeper into this concept, we must first explore the relationship between electric fields and charge distribution. When an electric field is applied to a dielectric material, it induces polarization within the material. This polarization results from the alignment of dipoles or the movement of charges within the material. The electric displacement field, denoted as D, is introduced to simplify the analysis of these effects. It is defined mathematically as: D = εE + P, where ε is the permittivity of the material, E is the electric field, and P is the polarization density. The significance of electric displacement becomes apparent when we consider its role in Gauss's law for dielectrics. In free space, Gauss's law relates the electric field to the charge enclosed within a surface. However, when dealing with materials that can become polarized, it is more convenient to use electric displacement. This allows us to account for both free charges and the bound charges that arise due to polarization. The modified form of Gauss's law states that the divergence of the electric displacement field is equal to the free charge density: ∇·D = ρ_free. Moreover, electric displacement plays a significant role in the design of capacitors, which are essential components in various electronic circuits. Capacitors store electrical energy by accumulating charge on their plates. The ability of a capacitor to store charge is influenced by the dielectric material placed between its plates. By understanding the electric displacement in different materials, engineers can select suitable dielectrics to enhance the performance of capacitors. Materials with high permittivity values lead to greater electric displacement, allowing capacitors to store more charge for a given voltage. Furthermore, the concept of electric displacement extends beyond simple dielectric materials. In more complex systems, such as ferroelectric materials, the behavior of electric displacement can be nonlinear and hysteretic. This means that the relationship between the electric displacement field and the electric field can depend on the history of the applied field. Such properties are exploited in various applications, including non-volatile memory devices and sensors. In conclusion, the understanding of electric displacement is vital for anyone engaged in the study or application of electromagnetism. It provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing the behavior of electric fields in materials, particularly when polarization effects are present. From capacitors to advanced electronic devices, the implications of electric displacement are far-reaching and underscore the importance of this concept in modern technology. As we continue to advance our knowledge in this field, the role of electric displacement will undoubtedly remain a cornerstone of electromagnetic theory and application.

在电磁学领域，一个经常出现的基本概念是电位移的概念。这个术语指的是一个矢量场，它考虑了介质材料中自由电荷和束缚电荷的影响。理解电位移不仅对理论物理至关重要，而且对电气工程和材料科学中的实际应用也非常重要。为了更深入地探讨这一概念，我们必须首先研究电场与电荷分布之间的关系。当电场施加到介质材料上时，它会在材料内部诱导极化。这种极化是由于偶极子的排列或电荷在材料内的移动而产生的。为了简化这些效应的分析，引入了电位移场，记作D。它的数学定义为：D = εE + P，其中ε是材料的介电常数，E是电场，P是极化密度。当我们考虑电位移在电介质的高斯定律中的作用时，其重要性变得显而易见。在自由空间中，高斯定律将电场与封闭表面内的电荷相关联。然而，在处理可以极化的材料时，使用电位移更为方便。这使我们能够同时考虑自由电荷和由于极化而产生的束缚电荷。修改后的高斯定律形式表示电位移场的散度等于自由电荷密度：∇·D = ρ_free。此外，电位移在电容器的设计中发挥着重要作用，电容器是各种电子电路中的基本组件。电容器通过在其电极上积累电荷来存储电能。电容器存储电荷的能力受其电极之间的介质材料的影响。通过理解不同材料中的电位移，工程师可以选择合适的介电材料，以增强电容器的性能。具有高介电常数值的材料会导致更大的电位移，使电容器在给定电压下存储更多的电荷。此外，电位移的概念超越了简单的介质材料。在更复杂的系统中，例如铁电材料，电位移的行为可能是非线性和滞后的。这意味着电位移场与电场之间的关系可能取决于施加场的历史。这些特性被广泛应用于各种应用中，包括非易失性存储器和传感器。总之，理解电位移对于任何从事电磁学研究或应用的人来说都是至关重要的。它提供了一个全面的框架，用于分析材料中电场的行为，特别是在存在极化效应时。从电容器到先进的电子设备，电位移的影响深远，强调了这一概念在现代技术中的重要性。随着我们在这一领域知识的不断进步，电位移的作用无疑将继续作为电磁理论和应用的基石。