effective multiplication factor

简明释义

有效增值系数

英英释义

例句

1.To ensure safety, engineers monitor the effective multiplication factor (有效增殖因子) closely during operation.

为了确保安全，工程师在运行期间密切监测有效增殖因子 (有效增殖因子)。

2.The reactor's performance can be assessed by calculating the effective multiplication factor (有效增殖因子) during various operating conditions.

通过计算在不同操作条件下的有效增殖因子 (有效增殖因子) 来评估反应堆的性能。

3.An effective multiplication factor (有效增殖因子) greater than one indicates a supercritical state in nuclear reactors.

在核反应堆中，有效增殖因子 (有效增殖因子) 大于一表示超临界状态。

4.In simulations, we adjusted the parameters to see how they affect the effective multiplication factor (有效增殖因子).

在模拟中，我们调整了参数，以查看它们如何影响有效增殖因子 (有效增殖因子)。

5.The effective multiplication factor (有效增殖因子) is crucial for determining the criticality of a nuclear system.

对于确定核系统的临界性，有效增殖因子 (有效增殖因子) 是至关重要的。

作文

In the field of nuclear engineering, understanding the concept of the effective multiplication factor is crucial for ensuring the safety and efficiency of nuclear reactors. The effective multiplication factor (often denoted as k-eff) is a dimensionless number that indicates the average number of neutrons from one fission event that cause another fission event in a sustained nuclear chain reaction. When k-eff is greater than one, it means that the reactor is supercritical, leading to an increase in the rate of fission reactions. Conversely, when k-eff is less than one, the reactor is subcritical, indicating that the fission reaction will eventually die out. A k-eff value of exactly one signifies a critical state, where the chain reaction is self-sustaining.The importance of the effective multiplication factor cannot be overstated. It serves as a primary indicator of the reactor's ability to maintain a stable power output. For instance, if engineers determine that the k-eff is slightly above one, they must take immediate precautions to ensure that the reactor does not enter a state of uncontrollable chain reactions. This is particularly important in light water reactors, which are commonly used in power generation. Understanding how various factors influence the effective multiplication factor can lead to better reactor design, improved safety protocols, and more efficient fuel usage.Several factors affect the effective multiplication factor. One of the most significant is the composition of the nuclear fuel. Different isotopes have varying probabilities of undergoing fission when struck by neutrons. For example, uranium-235 has a much higher likelihood of fission compared to uranium-238. Therefore, the ratio of these isotopes in the fuel affects the overall k-eff value. Additionally, the presence of neutron moderators, which slow down fast neutrons to increase their chances of causing fission, also plays a crucial role. Water, graphite, and heavy water are common moderators used in various reactor designs.Another critical aspect to consider is the neutron leakage from the reactor core. If too many neutrons escape the reactor without contributing to further fission events, the effective multiplication factor will decrease. Engineers must design reactors to minimize this leakage while maintaining safe operational conditions. This balance is essential for achieving optimal performance and ensuring that the reactor operates within its designed parameters.Moreover, the effective multiplication factor is vital during the startup and shutdown phases of a reactor. During startup, operators carefully monitor the k-eff value to ensure that the reactor reaches criticality safely and efficiently. Similarly, during shutdown, they need to ensure that the reactor transitions smoothly to a subcritical state without causing any adverse effects. This careful management contributes significantly to the overall safety and reliability of nuclear power plants.In conclusion, the effective multiplication factor is a fundamental concept in nuclear engineering that directly impacts the safety and efficiency of nuclear reactors. By understanding how it works and the various factors that influence it, engineers can design and operate reactors that are both effective and safe. As the world continues to seek sustainable energy solutions, mastering concepts like the effective multiplication factor will be essential for the future of nuclear power generation.

在核工程领域，理解“有效乘法因子”这一概念对于确保核反应堆的安全性和效率至关重要。“有效乘法因子”（通常用k-eff表示）是一个无量纲数，指示平均每次裂变事件产生的中子数量，这些中子又引起另一次裂变事件，从而形成持续的核链式反应。当k-eff大于1时，意味着反应堆处于超临界状态，导致裂变反应速率的增加。相反，当k-eff小于1时，反应堆处于亚临界状态，表明裂变反应最终将停止。k-eff值恰好为1则表示临界状态，在这种状态下，链式反应是自我维持的。“有效乘法因子”的重要性不容小觑。它作为反应堆维持稳定功率输出的主要指标。例如，如果工程师确定k-eff略高于1，他们必须立即采取预防措施，以确保反应堆不会进入不可控的链式反应状态。这在轻水反应堆中尤为重要，轻水反应堆是用于发电的常见类型。了解各种因素如何影响“有效乘法因子”可以导致更好的反应堆设计、改进的安全协议和更高效的燃料使用。影响“有效乘法因子”的因素有很多。其中最重要的因素之一是核燃料的组成。不同同位素在被中子撞击时发生裂变的概率不同。例如，铀-235发生裂变的可能性远高于铀-238。因此，燃料中这些同位素的比例会影响整体的k-eff值。此外，中子减速剂的存在也起着关键作用，减速剂使快速中子减速以增加其导致裂变的机会。水、石墨和重水是各种反应堆设计中常用的减速剂。另一个关键方面是中子从反应堆核心的泄漏。如果过多的中子在没有贡献进一步裂变事件的情况下逃离反应堆，有效乘法因子将降低。工程师必须设计反应堆以尽量减少这种泄漏，同时保持安全的操作条件。这种平衡对于实现最佳性能和确保反应堆在其设计参数内运行至关重要。此外，“有效乘法因子”在反应堆的启动和停机阶段也至关重要。在启动期间，操作员仔细监测k-eff值，以确保反应堆安全高效地达到临界状态。同样，在停机期间，他们需要确保反应堆平稳过渡到亚临界状态，而不会造成任何不良影响。这种精心管理对核电厂的整体安全性和可靠性做出了重要贡献。总之，“有效乘法因子”是核工程中的一个基本概念，直接影响核反应堆的安全性和效率。通过理解其工作原理及影响其的各种因素，工程师可以设计和操作既有效又安全的反应堆。随着世界继续寻求可持续能源解决方案，掌握“有效乘法因子”等概念将对未来的核能发电至关重要。