distribution coefficient

简明释义

分布系数

英英释义

例句

1.The distribution coefficient can vary significantly between different solvents.

不同溶剂之间的分配系数可能会有显著差异。

2.A higher distribution coefficient indicates that a substance is more hydrophobic.

更高的分配系数表明某种物质更具疏水性。

3.Chemists often calculate the distribution coefficient to predict the solubility of compounds.

化学家们经常计算分配系数来预测化合物的溶解度。

4.The distribution coefficient is crucial in determining how a drug will behave in the body.

在确定药物在体内的行为时，分配系数是至关重要的。

5.In environmental studies, the distribution coefficient helps assess the mobility of pollutants in soil.

在环境研究中，分配系数有助于评估污染物在土壤中的流动性。

作文

The concept of the distribution coefficient is pivotal in various fields, particularly in chemistry and environmental science. It refers to the ratio of the concentration of a substance in one phase to its concentration in another phase at equilibrium. Understanding this coefficient is essential for predicting how substances behave in different environments, such as in soil, water, or biological systems.In chemistry, the distribution coefficient is often used to describe the partitioning of solutes between two immiscible solvents, like oil and water. For instance, when a compound is introduced into a mixture of these two solvents, it will distribute itself based on its affinity for each solvent. If a compound has a high affinity for the organic solvent, it will have a higher concentration there compared to the aqueous phase. This behavior can be quantified using the distribution coefficient, which is calculated by taking the ratio of the concentration of the compound in the organic phase to its concentration in the aqueous phase.The significance of the distribution coefficient extends beyond laboratory settings; it plays a crucial role in environmental assessments. For example, when pollutants are released into the environment, their distribution coefficient helps scientists understand how these contaminants will spread through soil and waterways. A high distribution coefficient indicates that a pollutant is likely to accumulate in organic matter or sediments, potentially leading to long-term ecological impacts. Conversely, a low distribution coefficient suggests that the substance may remain more mobile in the water column, increasing its likelihood of affecting aquatic life.Moreover, in pharmacology, the distribution coefficient is vital for drug design and development. Medications need to reach specific targets in the body, and their distribution characteristics can determine efficacy and safety. A drug's distribution coefficient can influence its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). For instance, drugs with an optimal distribution coefficient are more likely to penetrate cell membranes and achieve therapeutic concentrations within target tissues.Understanding the factors that influence the distribution coefficient is also important. Molecular structure, polarity, and molecular weight can all affect how a compound partitions between phases. Additionally, temperature and pH can alter the solubility of substances, thereby impacting their distribution coefficient. Researchers often conduct experiments to determine these coefficients under various conditions, allowing for more accurate predictions of behavior in real-world scenarios.In conclusion, the distribution coefficient is a fundamental parameter that aids scientists and researchers in understanding the behavior of substances across different phases. Its applications range from environmental science to pharmacology, highlighting its importance in both theoretical and practical contexts. By mastering the concept of the distribution coefficient, one can better predict and manipulate the fate of chemical compounds in diverse environments, ultimately contributing to advancements in science and technology.

分配系数这个概念在多个领域中至关重要，尤其是在化学和环境科学中。它指的是在平衡状态下，物质在一个相中的浓度与在另一个相中的浓度的比率。理解这个系数对于预测物质在不同环境中的行为是必不可少的，例如在土壤、水或生物系统中。在化学中，分配系数通常用于描述溶质在两种不可混溶溶剂之间的分配情况，例如油和水。例如，当一种化合物被引入到这两种溶剂的混合物中时，它会根据对每种溶剂的亲和力进行分配。如果一种化合物对有机溶剂具有较高的亲和力，那么它在有机相中的浓度将高于在水相中的浓度。这个行为可以通过分配系数来量化，该系数是通过取有机相中化合物的浓度与水相中浓度的比率计算得出的。分配系数的重要性不仅限于实验室环境；它在环境评估中也发挥着至关重要的作用。例如，当污染物释放到环境中时，它们的分配系数帮助科学家理解这些污染物如何在土壤和水道中扩散。高分配系数表明污染物可能会在有机物或沉积物中积累，从而可能导致长期的生态影响。相反，低分配系数则表明该物质在水柱中可能保持更大的流动性，从而增加其影响水生生物的可能性。此外，在药理学中，分配系数对于药物设计和开发至关重要。药物需要到达体内特定的靶点，而它们的分配特性可以决定疗效和安全性。药物的分配系数可以影响其吸收、分布、代谢和排泄（ADME）。例如，具有最佳分配系数的药物更有可能穿透细胞膜，并在靶组织内达到治疗浓度。了解影响分配系数的因素也很重要。分子结构、极性和分子量都可以影响化合物在各相之间的分配。此外，温度和pH值可以改变物质的溶解度，从而影响其分配系数。研究人员通常会在各种条件下进行实验，以确定这些系数，从而更准确地预测在现实场景中的行为。总之，分配系数是一个基本参数，帮助科学家和研究人员理解物质在不同相中的行为。其应用范围从环境科学到药理学，突显了其在理论和实践中的重要性。通过掌握分配系数的概念，人们可以更好地预测和操控化学化合物在多种环境中的命运，最终推动科学和技术的发展。